Jitter impact on clock distribution in LHC experiments

Baron, S.; Mastoridis, T.; Troska, J.; Baudrenghien, P.

doi:10.1088/1748-0221/7/12/c12023

Cited by 8 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The precision of the RF system implementation (responsible for controlling the constant speed of the proton bunches, the bunch length, the separation between the bunches and their arrival in-phase with the oscillating electric field) leads to a jitter of the proton bunch travel times, causing a noise with a magnitude of ∆T RF ∼ 10 −12 s on the timescale of the measurement [21]. A correction for bunch elongation over time of around 8 ps/hr in the stable beam [21] must also be taken into account in the models.…”

Section: Radiofrequency Phase Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of gravitational waves in circular particle accelerators

2020

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Here we calculate the effects of astrophysical gravitational waves (GWs) on the travel times of proton bunch test masses in circular particle accelerators. We show that a high-precision proton bunch time-tagging detector could turn a circular particle accelerator facility into a GW observatory sensitive to millihertz (mHz) GWs. We comment on sources of noise and the technological feasibility of ultrafast single photon detectors by conducting a case study of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN.

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Section: Radiofrequency Phase Noisementioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of gravitational waves in circular particle accelerators

2020

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“…The European Council for Nuclear Research (CERN) has been operating the world's largest, most powerful particle accelerator, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) since 2009. The LHC collides bunches of particles at a frequency of 40.0789 MHz (derived from the accelerator radio-frequency and known as the LHC Bunch Clock) [1]. This signal, crucial for the detectors, is distributed to the four experiments located around the 27 km ring of the LHC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TCLink: A Fully Integrated Open Core for Timing Compensation in FPGA-Based High-Speed Links

Mendes

Baron

Hegeman

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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The high luminosity expected in the second phase of the upgrades of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC phase-2 upgrades) will pose unprecedented challenges to its four experiments in terms of collisions density -also known as pileup -per beam crossing. Disentangling the vertices of 200 simultaneous collisions every 25 ns requires high granularity in the detectors, as well as extremely precise and stable timing. While short-term timing stability is usually a concern addressed in timing distribution systems, long-term variations due to changing environmental conditions can accumulate through distribution chains and can dominate the overall timing stability of the systems they serve.Timing distribution systems in LHC experiments typically use high-speed links and clock recovery. This paper presents a logic core that can be used to mitigate long-term temperature variations in high-speed links. The Timing Compensated Link (TCLink) is an open-source firmware core fully integrated in Xilinx Ultrascale Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). It demonstrates picosecond-level phase precision over timing distribution systems, improving the overall timing stability in physics experiments.

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“…The transmission is synchronous to the LHC Bunch Clock, a 40.079 MHz timing signal derived from the Radio Frequency driving the particle beams. This allows the detector electronics to be synchronized to the particle bunches circulating in the accelerator rings [2]. An electrical network from the front-ends to the CTU is employed to feedback, with the shortest possible delay (µs), a "busy" signal indicating that a FE buffer is in an overflow or warning state.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Timing, Trigger, and Control System With Picosecond Precision Based on 10 Gbit/s Passive Optical Networks for High-Energy Physics

Mendes

Baron

Soós

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments will have their Timing, Trigger and Control (TTC) system upgraded as a consequence of the need for higher bandwidth and components which are obsolete. In this paper, we present a TTC based on Passive Optical Networks (PON). TTC-PON is a point-to-multipoint bidirectional TTC system based on the 10 Gbit/s International Telecommunications Union (ITU) XG-PON technology and modern FPGA devices. Each master can handle up to 64 slaves through a fully passive network, delivering a fixed-phase recovered clock to all the destinations with less than 5 ps jitter. TTC-PON pushes the limits of the PON technology by exploiting cutting-edge custom protocols on top of the commercially available XG-PON optical modules. It can potentially re-use the current optical fibre infrastructure already installed in the experiments, and allows for high-flexibility in terms of partitioning, which can ease future upgrades of the TTC network. The system features a picosecond-level on-the-fly phase monitoring for each slave's recovered clock by exploiting the bidirectionality of the network. In addition, a full set of linkquality monitoring tools was developed, allowing real-time performance monitoring. An overview of the tailored protocols will be given together with the details on the system implementation, operation and performance. A discussion on the characterization campaign of the more than 1000 optical modules delivered to the first implementation of the TTC-PON system will be drawn.

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Jitter impact on clock distribution in LHC experiments

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Detection of gravitational waves in circular particle accelerators

Detection of gravitational waves in circular particle accelerators

TCLink: A Fully Integrated Open Core for Timing Compensation in FPGA-Based High-Speed Links

A Timing, Trigger, and Control System With Picosecond Precision Based on 10 Gbit/s Passive Optical Networks for High-Energy Physics

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