Untitled

Abstract

Five candidate pheromone components were identified by analyzing pheromone gland extracts by gas chromatography (GC), coupled GC-electroantennographic detection (EAD), and coupled GC-mass spectrometry (MS) : (E)-11-hexadecenol(E11-16 : OH), (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z11-16 : OH), (E)-11-hexadecenal, (E)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, and (Z)-3,(Z)-6,(Z)-9-tricosatriene (Z3,Z6,Z9-23 : Hy). In electroantennogram (EAG) recordings, synthetic E11-16 : OH elicited stronger antennal responses at low doses than other candidate pheromone components. Field tests demonstrated that synthetic E11-16 : OH as a trap bait was effective in attracting males, whereas addition of Z11-16 : OH inhibited the males' response. Z3,Z6,Z9-23 : Hy strongly enhanced attractiveness of E11-16 : OH, but was not attractive by itself. A pheromone blend with synergistic behavioral activity of an alcohol (E11-16 : OH) and hydrocarbon (Z3,Z6,Z9-23 : Hy) component is most unusual in the Lepidoptera. The synthetic two-component pheromone is approximately 60 times more attractive than the female-produced blend and might facilitate the control of this pest.

Lepidopteran Sex Pheromones

“…Interestingly, the N. elegantalis female also secretes a Type I compound (E11-16:OH) like other Pyralidae species [55]. Only this species constructs a unique hybrid pheromone system that is composed of the Type I component biosynthesized de novo via a saturated fatty acid and the Type II component derived from dietary linolenic acid.…”

“…1) [4][5][6][7]9]. Exceptionally, Z3,Z6,Z9-23:H has identified from one Pyralidae species, the tomato fruit borer (Neoleucinodes elegantalis, Crambinae) [55]. In this chapter, these Type II chemicals are abbreviated similarly to those of Type I; 'epo' and 'H' representing the cis-epoxy ring and the absence of a terminal functional group, respectively.…”

An Orphan Pheromone Receptor Affects the Mating Behavior of Helicoverpa armigera

“…In this study, we proved that the OR14 mutants did not affect EAG response to three most important pheromone compounds (Figure 4), but it still has the possibilities to be activated by other chemicals. It has been reported that some lepidoptera moths use both type I and type II pheromones (Cabrera et al, 2001;Millar et al, 2005;Gibb et al, 2007), and PR can also be activated by both type of pheromones (Zhang and Löfstedt, 2013;Zhang et al, 2016). Therefore, OR14 may affect the recognition of this kind of pheromones.…”

Electroanalytical Flow Measurements

“…8). 94 Among many other applications of GC-EAG to investigation of chemical communication in nature, of special importance are studies of the stereochemistry of pheromone with the use of chiral capillary gas chromatographic system. In these studies it was shown, however, that stereochemistry can only be unambiguously assigned by comparison of retention times and EAG responses of the natural and synthetic materials.…”