Job Accessibility, Employment and Job-Education Mismatch in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona

Paolo, Antonio Di; Raymond, Josep Lluís

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2442045

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…While access to a private car is associated with increased employment probabilities, Ong and Houston (2002), found no statistically significant effect on employment for welfare dependent women who were unable to borrow a car. Other studies did find that a driver's license or higher numbers of household cars increased employment probabilities (Yi, 2006, Smart andKlein, 2015), with similar associations being found in the Barcelona and Madrid metropolitan areas (Matas et al, 2010, Di Paolo et al, 2014. In France, Cavaco and Lesueur (2004) further showed that car access was related to shorter unemployment durations.…”

Section: Studies Using Individual or Household Car Ownership Measuresmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Three European studies sampled long-term residents, finding that poor public transport and car job accessibility increased long-term unemployment probabilities in the Paris metropolitan area (Korsu and Wenglenski, 2010). More jobs were reachable per minute by public transport increased employment probabilities of low-educated women (Matas et al, 2010) and (only) female employment probabilities and youth living with their parents (Di Paolo et al, 2014) in the Barcelona and Madrid metropolitan areas. Other studies used an IV-approach and also found that better public transport and car job accessibility increased employment probabilities in Great Britain (Bastiaanssen et al, 2020b) and in The Netherlands (Bastiaanssen et al, 2020a, Bastiaanssen et al, 2020c, particularly among carless households in urban areas and low income groups.…”

Section: Studies Using Car or Public Transport Job Accessibility Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does transport help people to gain employment? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the empirical evidence

2020

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The role of transport in providing access to employment has received considerable attention. Since transport policies may be motivated by assumed effects on employment probability outcomes, it is important to establish the nature of the relationship between transport and employment outcomes. While the majority of the empirical evidence suggests a positive association, it is not conclusive or consistent and often shows mixed results. To address this confusion, our study has systematically reviewed this evidence base and synthesised it through meta-analysis.We first identified 93 studies that quantitatively assessed the impact of transport on employment outcomes. By systematically merging the empirical evidence, this study establishes a positive association between transport and employment outcomes, with varying effects for four identified categories of transport measures (or combinations thereof): car ownership, public transport access, commute times, and job accessibility levels. This positive association persists in studies that control for endogeneity between transport and employment, but a larger evidence base is needed to establish a more robust relationship, in particular for cities and smaller (rural) areas outside the US-context and with regard to public transport.We then selected 20 methodologically comparable studies for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Our meta-regression models clearly demonstrate that car ownership significantly increases individual employment probabilities, in particular among welfare recipients. Young drivers benefit from access to household cars when these are not in use by their parents, and they are more sensitive to the time and cost implications of longer commutes. While our systematic review suggests that better access to public transport and higher levels of job accessibility increases employment probabilities, metaregression analysis requires more consistent transport measures. The findings in this study are important for policymakers in that they imply that job seekers may benefit from public policies targeted at improving their access to public transport, in particular for people without access to cars and in areas with fewer job opportunities.

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Section: Studies Using Individual or Household Car Ownership Measuresmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Studies Using Car or Public Transport Job Accessibility Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does transport help people to gain employment? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the empirical evidence

2020

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“…Following previous studies (e.g. Di Paolo et al, 2014; Matas et al, 2010), we employed binomial probit models to explain the relationship between public transport job accessibility and individual employment probabilities, which is expressed as follows:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two studies in the Barcelona and Madrid metropolitan areas also found that more jobs reachable per minute by public transport and a higher number of cars in the household were associated with increased employment probabilities. In particular, low-educated women (Matas et al, 2010) and young women living with their parents were most significantly affected (Di Paolo et al, 2014), while a higher degree of residential segregation tended to decrease their job probability. Other longitudinal studies in the Paris metropolitan area found that neighbourhood segregation prevented unemployed workers from finding a job, while better public transport job accessibility only yielded a small association with shorter unemployment durations (Gobillon et al, 2011), or had no association with the yearly unemployment-to-work transitions of public housing tenants (Gobillon and Selod, 2007).…”

Section: Literature Review: Public Transport Job Accessibility and Individual Employment Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does better job accessibility help people gain employment? The role of public transport in Great Britain

2021

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The combined decentralisation of many firms and services and the increasing concentration of traditional public transport services in the main corridors of urban centres have made it more difficult for people to access jobs, in particular when residing outside these prime accessibility areas. This is the first national study within the context of Great Britain to examine whether better public transport job accessibility, modelled at the micro level of individuals, improves employment probabilities for people living in Great Britain. While previous studies have typically concentrated on US metropolitan areas, our study uses British national employment micro datasets to assess which urban and rural areas and population groups would benefit from better public transport services. In an important departure from most standard accessibility methodologies, we computed a public transport job accessibility measure applied nationwide and combined this with individual-level employment probability models for Great Britain. The models were corrected for endogeneity by applying an instrumental variable approach. The study finds that better public transport job accessibility improves individual employment probabilities, in particular in metropolitan areas and smaller cities and towns with lower car ownership rates and in low-income neighbourhoods. It further shows that mainly lower educated groups and young people would benefit from better public transport job accessibility. The findings in this study are important for policymakers in that they imply that, in particular, job seekers who rely on public transport services may benefit from more targeted public policies to improve their accessibility to employment and thereby their social mobility.

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“…The values-based framework developed from the data could be further examined outside of China to describe how professional values may affect an individual’s decision to look for employment in other professions such as business (Budría and Moro-Egido, 2014) or engineering (Bender and Roche, 2013). Some graduates who looked in other fields focused on income, while others on job accessibility (Di Paolo et al, 2017).…”

Section: Implications and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major-to-employment mismatch in social work: A values-based framework explaining job-search decisions among Chinese graduates in Shanghai, China

Zeng

Cheung

Leung

et al. 2020

International Social Work

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A total of 31 Bachelor of Social Work Chinese graduates were interviewed in college exit interviews in Shanghai about their job search processes. Their responses generated an 87.1 percent major-to-employment mismatch rate between their study major and the postgraduation employment type. Five findings on employment decisions emerged, namely, causation, contextual factors, intervening conditions, job-seeking outcomes, and a positive-but-negative feeling about job searches. This mismatch phenomenon leads to the development of a values-based framework to explain how a combination of professional values and materialistic rewards can influence postgraduation employment decisions. It is connected to the graduates’ motivation to apply social work values to match the employment they seek.

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Job Accessibility, Employment and Job-Education Mismatch in the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona

Cited by 9 publications

References 44 publications

Does transport help people to gain employment? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the empirical evidence

Does transport help people to gain employment? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the empirical evidence

Does better job accessibility help people gain employment? The role of public transport in Great Britain

Major-to-employment mismatch in social work: A values-based framework explaining job-search decisions among Chinese graduates in Shanghai, China

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