Job activities and personal crime victimization: Implications for theory

Collins, James J.; Cox, Brenda G.; Langan, Patrick A.

doi:10.1016/0049-089x(87)90008-1

Cited by 39 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Our findings regarding the higher victimization of male and younger employees are in accordance with many studies on violence in general, and workplace violence in particular [e.g., Cembrowicz et al, 2001;Empie, 2003;Miethe et al, 1987]. These results do not support some of the previous studies, in which socio-demographic variables did not contribute significantly to victimization at work, once routine activities variables were introduced [e.g., Collins et al, 1987;Lynch, 1987;Wooldredge et al, 1992].…”

Section: Socio-demographic Variablessupporting

confidence: 76%

Personnel exposure to violence in hospital emergency wards: a routine activity approach

Landau

Bendalak

2007

Aggressive Behavior

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This study analyzes violence against personnel in the emergency wards of all 25 general hospitals in Israel using a self-report questionnaire (N=2,356). Informed by the routine activity theory, the hypotheses related to the major concepts of this approach: exposure, target suitability, guarding and proximity to offenders. A General Exposure to Violence Index (GEVI) was constructed, based on the participants' reports about type and frequency of their victimization to violence during the preceding year. The multiple regression analysis for explaining the GEVI was composed of 15 independent variables relating to participants' professional and personal characteristics as well as to structural features of hospitals. As predicted, higher exposure to violence was related to security or nursing staff and positions of authority; high weekly workload; working in a profession other than that of training; inability of coping with verbal violence; having no access to an emergency button, and working in settings restricting the number of accompanying persons to one only. Unexpectedly, previous training in coping with violence was related to higher victimization. Younger age, male gender and being of European/American origin (mainly from the former Soviet Union) was also related to higher risk of victimization. The results support the utility of the routine activities approach in explaining differences in emergency ward personnel victimization. The findings also indicate, however, the need to add domain-specific contextual analyses to this approach to reach a fuller understanding of the behaviors under discussion. Implications of the finding to coping with violence against emergency ward personnel are discussed, and suggestions are put forward for further study in this field.

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Section: Socio-demographic Variablessupporting

confidence: 76%

Personnel exposure to violence in hospital emergency wards: a routine activity approach

Landau

Bendalak

2007

Aggressive Behavior

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“…Previous research on violence in the workplace has consistently shown that the risk of violence depends on the location of the work environment and the duties of employees (Block et al, 1985;Collins et al, 1987;Lynch, 1987;Fattah, 1991;Wilkinson, 2001;Mayhew and Chappell, 2007). The results of this analysis indicate that while working is more dangerous than being at home, it is not as dangerous as many other activities that occur outside of the household.…”

Section: Research Question #3: What Is the Risk Of Violence In Differsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…lots of face-to-face contact are the most risky (Block et. al, 1985;Wikström, 1985;Lynch, 1987;Collins et. al, 1987;Mahew et.…”

Section: Time-based Rates Of Threats and Simple Assaults In Differentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks of Violence in Major Daily Activities: United States, 2003-2005

Lemieux¹

2010

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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The routine activity approach, lifestyle perspective, and environmental criminology, all argue the risk of violence is not distributed evenly across time and space. This dissertation quantifies the risk of violence for different activities and types of place. Using data from the National Crime Victimization Survey and American Time Use Survey, activity-and place-specific rates of violence are calculated to determine (a) which activity or type of place is the most dangerous, (b) the relative risk of activities and types of place, and (c) how activity-and place-specific risks vary between demographic subgroups. Time-based rates are used to account for the reality that Americans do not spend equal amounts of time in activities and types of place. The activity-specific analysis showed sleeping was the safest activity in America; going to and from school was the most dangerous. The risk of violence during the school commute is 285 times higher than it is while sleeping. The place-specific analysis indicated home was the safest place to be while the street was the most dangerous; the risk of violence on the street was 51 times higher than it was at home. When rates of violence were calculated for demographic subgroups of the American population, the race and sex of individuals were found to have little effect on the risk of violence. Age was the only demographic variable included in the analysis that had substantial impact on the risk of victimization in different activities and types of place. These findings indicate crime prevention strategies cannot neglect the role lifestyles play in an individual's risk of victimization. Because the risk of violence varies greatly between activities and types of place it is inappropriate to label demographic subgroups as high risk based on the population size alone. This research indicates it is what people do, not who they are, that determines their risk of violence. Additionally, this research shows risk assessments that do not account for the transient nature of Americans in time and space can produce misleading information as to which activities and types of place are the most dangerous.iii Table of ContentsAbstract ii Table of Contents iii List of Tables vii List of Figures xiChapter This dissertation provides estimates for the risk of violence in the United States disaggregated by the types of places people visit and the activities they participate in.These risks are further disaggregated by demographic categories to provide the most detailed violence risk estimates available to date.Numerous pieces of criminological research have shown that crime is concentrated spatially; it is not randomly or evenly distributed on the macro-or micro-level 1 (Guerry, 1833; Quételet, 1842;Sherman et al., 1989;Brantingham and Brantingham, 1993;Block and Block, 1995;Clarke and Eck, 1995;Nelson et al., 2001;Weisburd et al., 2004;1 At the micro-level of analysis, the term "hot spot" has become popular amongst researchers and practitioners to describe the geographical concentration o...

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“…This approach makes it difficult to delineate direct relationships between particular routine activities and likelihoods of victimization because the actual domains of the victimizations sometimes are unknown (Lynch 1987). Domain-specific models are more likely to yield valid conclusions about relationships between routine activities and victimization risks because the behaviors examined are more convergent in time and space (Block, Felson, and Blick 1984;Collins, Cox, and Langan 1987;Garofalo, Siegel, and Laub 1987;Gottfredson 1981Gottfredson , 1984Maxfield 1987;Sherman, Gartin, and Beurger 1989).…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 96%