Job Crafting and Nurses' Presenteeism: The Effects of Job Embeddedness and Job Irreplaceability

Abstract

BackgroundPresenteeism is defined as the behavior of people who insist on attending work despite complaints of ill health that should prompt rest and absence from work. Due to the heavy workloads and irreplaceable duties of the nursing service, nurses are a typical representative group suffering from presenteeism. Although more scholars have recently begun focusing on presenteeism, an abundant number of studies have tended to focus on presenteeism's external objective factors. There is, thus, a lack of studies based on variables related to the intra-individual initiative. This study aimed to address this gap by exploring the relationship between job crafting and nurses' presenteeism from the perspective of the individual internal initiative. Furthermore, this study also aimed to examine job embeddedness' mediating effect and job irreplaceability's moderating effect on presenteeism.MethodsA total of 900 nurses from a 3A-graded hospital in Henan Province were invited to participate in the online study in October, November, and December 2021, respectively. Participants were asked to complete Self-report scales on job crafting, job embeddedness, job irreplaceability, and presenteeism at three time points above. Job crafting was measured at Time 1, job embeddedness and job irreplaceability were measured at Time 2, and presenteeism was measured at Time 3.ResultsPresenteeism was significantly associated with differences in participants' age and tenure. Job crafting was significantly positively associated with job embeddedness, and job embeddedness was significantly negatively correlated with presenteeism. Job embeddedness mediated the relationship between job crafting and presenteeism. Job irreplaceability moderated the relationship between job embeddedness and presenteeism.ConclusionsThis study explored job crafting's influence mechanism on nurses' presenteeism, which is beneficial to providing effective suggestions for managing and preventing the incidence of nurses' presenteeism. Future research should consider expanding the sampling area and enriching the occupational fields of included participants to conduct a more in-depth discussion on the relationship between job crafting and nurses' presenteeism.

The role of nursing work environment, head nurse leadership and presenteeism on job embeddedness among new nurses：A cross-sectional multicenter study

“…Supportive leadership that gives nurses greater autonomy will effectively reduce presenteeism [51]. Less presenteeism among nurses means they are more committed to their work and show a higher level of job embeddedness [27]. Thus, improving the work environment is fundamental, and further improving head nurse leadership and preventing presenteeism can effectively help new nurses embed themselves in their work.…”

“…Presenteeism among nurses leads to ine cient work behaviours and false attendance, which costs $1,959 in lost productivity per nurse per year and $605,283 in lost productivity across all nurses [26]. One study suggested that nurses with high presenteeism have lower job embeddedness since presenteeism leads to false job engagement and may prevent nurses from fully engaging in their work [27].…”

“…An overly authoritative leadership style can lead to more serious presenteeism [29]. Nurses' presenteeism may prevent them from fully engaging in their work, eventually leading to false job embeddedness [27]. The in uence of organizational environmental factors, managers' leadership behaviours and individual factors on nurses' job embeddedness is complex.…”

Nursing Staff Presenteeism Scale: Development and psychometric test

“…However, nurses are generally not familiar with the term presenteeism and are unaware of their own inappropriate behavior, becoming a typical representative of those who exhibit presenteeism [ 8 ]. Providing adequate support to nurses when unwell would reduce their stress and facilitate job crafting [ 9 ]. Effective supervisor support would also eliminate the stress caused by work-related issues [ 10 ] and further minimize the harmful consequences of presenteeism.…”

The role of the nursing work environment, head nurse leadership and presenteeism in job embeddedness among new nurses: a cross-sectional multicentre study

“…Presenteeism was found to be more common in new nurses than in those with more experience [ 26 ]. One study suggested that nurses with high presenteeism have lower job embeddedness since presenteeism leads to false job engagement and may prevent nurses from fully engaging in their work [ 27 ]. Moreover, studies have proposed that the nursing work environment is an influencing factor of presenteeism; that is, a good nursing work environment can reduce presenteeism [ 28 , 29 ].…”