In recent decades, the rapid growth of research on organizational citizenship behavior has had a significant and valuable impact in the educational context. This study proposes to explore and review the existing literature on organizational citizenship behavior, a new movement that has recently emerged in the field, emphasizing the positive aspects of behavior in the pursuit of progress and development of individuals, organizations, and society, whose main effects can be observed in academic and applied research. Specifically, the study aims to: 1) review and identify the conceptualization of OCB and its various constructed forms in the literature; 2) summarize empirical findings of the antecedents and consequences of OCB through the lens of social exchange theory; 3) identify several interesting directions for future research and 4) be a valuable contribution to the literature on organizational citizenship behavior in the Moroccan university context.