“…63 Dedicated to a fellow stone-enthusiast, friend and correspondent, the Swiss natural philosopher and physician Konrad Gesner (1516–1565), Kentmann’s Calculorum qui in Corpore ac Membris Hominum Innascuntur (Torgau, 1565), contained 12 chapters on wondrous stones found in various body parts and, significantly here, included 32 illustrations of them. 64 The choice of these stones and their visual depiction was partly related to the dramatic suffering of the persons from whom the stones were extracted, and partly to the social status of the sufferer. The chapter on kidney and bladder stones, for example, centred on the story of the kidney stone of the Saxon elector Friedrich III (1463–1525), 65 who, according to Kentmann, endured an exemplary Christian death, bearing heroically the excruciating pains caused by the stone.…”