Joint algal toxicity of 16 dissimilarly acting chemicals is predictable by the concept of independent action

Faust, Martin L.; Altenburger, Rolf; Backhaus, Thomas; Blanck, Hans; Boedeker, Wolfgang; Gramatica, Paola; Hamer, V; Scholze, Martin; Vighi, Marco; Grimme, L. Horst

doi:10.1016/s0166-445x(02)00133-9

Cited by 406 publications

(345 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…RA underestimated the effect of all 16 mixtures, demonstrating that it was unsuitable for assessing the effects of estrogenic chemicals in this assay. This may be because of the fundamentals of the yeast assay: RA model is not the optimal choice when only similarly acting chemicals can activate the yeast system (Backhaus et al, 2004;Drescher and Boedeker, 1995;Faust et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where c mix is the sum of the concentrations of all components, and E(c mix ) and E(c i ) are the effects of the whole mixture and the ith component, respectively (Faust et al, 2003). For the RMD mixtures, the predicted EEQs of 15 samples were gained based on CA model, in a similar way to the toxic equivalency factor method (Van den Berg et al, 1998):…”

Section: Calculation Of Predicted Mixture Toxicitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combined effects of estrogenic chemicals with the same mode of action using an estrogen receptor binding bioassay

Yang

et al. 2014

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Calculation Of Predicted Mixture Toxicitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined effects of estrogenic chemicals with the same mode of action using an estrogen receptor binding bioassay

Yang

et al. 2014

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology

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“…The concepts are not limited to two agents only and the equations 1, 2 can easily be generalized to n substances or factors [7].…”

Section: Concepts For Analyzing Combination Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other authors require that a similar effect is localized at least in the "same site of primary action", while a dissimilar effect is distinguished from this by the criterion of differences in a substances" fundamental structure (different "parent compounds") [37]. However, recent research has shown that mixtures which were designed of components known to act either by identical or by completely different molecular mechanisms of action were in fact better predicted by concentration addition or independent action respectively [7,9,38,39].…”

Section: The Quest For the Right Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile several text books and reviews on the topic have been written [e.g. 1,2,3], proposals to unify and standardize methods and terminology were brought forward [4,5], experimental evidence was systematically produced [6,7,8,9], and corresponding improvements of chemical risk management have been suggested (see [10,11,12] for compilations). However, there is still ambiguity with respect to the need of addressing combined effects and what scientific concept should be taken as basis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The scientific assessment of combined effects of risk factors: different approaches in experimental biosciences and epidemiology

Boedeker¹,

Backhaus

2010

Eur J Epidemiol

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To cite this version:Wolfgang Boedeker, Thomas Backhaus. The scientific assessment of combined effects of risk factors: different approaches in experimental biosciences and epidemiology. European Journal of Epidemiology, Springer Verlag, 2010, 25 (8) Abstract (233 words)The analysis of combined effects of substances or risk factors has been a subject to science for more than a century. With different goals, combined effect analysis was addressed in almost all experimental biosciences. The major theoretical foundation can be traced back to two distinct origins. First, to the work by the pharmacologist Loewe on the concept of concentration additivity and second to the biometrician Bliss and the concept of independent action. In the search for a general solution and a unified terminology the interrelations of the concepts have extensively been studied and experimental findings reviewed. Meanwhile there seems to be consensus in experimental sciences that each concept has its role in predicting combined effect of agents and both are used for hazard und risk management.In contrast, epidemiologists describe combined effects mainly in terms of interactions in regression models. Although this approach started from a probabilistic model equivalent to the concept of independent action this origin is rarely acknowledged and effect summation is usually the preferred concept nowadays. Obscure biological meaning, the scale dependency of interaction terms as well as unavoidable residual confounding are taken as reasons why no new insights in combined effect analysis are likely to occur from epidemiology.In this paper we sketch the history of ideas and the state of the arts in combined effect analysis. We point to differences and common grounds in experimental biosciences and epidemiology.

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Environmental Metabolomics of Soil Organisms

Jones

Dias

1996

eMagRes

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Joint algal toxicity of 16 dissimilarly acting chemicals is predictable by the concept of independent action

Cited by 406 publications

References 39 publications

Combined effects of estrogenic chemicals with the same mode of action using an estrogen receptor binding bioassay

Combined effects of estrogenic chemicals with the same mode of action using an estrogen receptor binding bioassay

The scientific assessment of combined effects of risk factors: different approaches in experimental biosciences and epidemiology

Environmental Metabolomics of Soil Organisms

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