Joint and muscle injuries in men and women CrossFit® training participants

Toledo, Ramon; Dias, Marcelo Ricardo; Souza, Daniel; Soares, Raphael Almeida Silva; Toledo, Ronam; Lacio, Marcio Luis de; Vianna, Jéferson Macedo

doi:10.1080/00913847.2021.1892468

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In a previous online questionnaire epidemiological investigation, Hak et al [ 28 ] found an injury rate of 73.5%. Teixeira et al [ 29 ] and Toledo et al [ 30 ] found a prevalence of injury of 38.6% and 38.5%, respectively. However, the authors performed the evaluation in a face-to-face fashion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of High Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) injuries in Brazil

et al. 2022

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Background High intensity functional training (HIFT), usually called CrossFit, is a physical training that has gained much popularity in the past few years. The risk of acute and overuse injuries in HIFT is unclear. This study evaluated the incidence of injuries in HIFT, characterizing severity, location, and associated risk factors. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and May 2021. HIFT practitioners were recruited through social media and answered an online questionnaire on training characteristics and injury history. Results A total of 606 subjects (264 male and 342 female) were included. The average age of the participants was 29.78 ± 7.14 years. The mean height was 169.60 ± 8.96 cm, and the mean body mass was 73.69 ± 13.11 kg. Overall, participants were involved in HIFT for an average of 25.36 ± 20.29 months. A total of 58.6% of participants took part in 5 to 6 training sessions per week, 31.7% practiced 5 to 6 h per week. 62.7% of the responders performed other physical activities in parallel, 98.2% performed warm-up before the training, and a formal cooldown was accomplished by 29.4% of participants. 6.8% of athletes followed individual worksheets. 45.9% of participants participated in competition. Conclusions The overall rate of injuries was 3.51/1000 h. 59.2% of subjects experienced two or more injuries. The shoulder was involved in 21.3% of cases, lower back in 18.3%, and the knee in 13.4%. No difference was found in injury rate between males and females. Experienced athletes were more prone to injury compared to those who trained under 12 months. Approximately the half of injuries did not cause training interruption. No difference was found in injury rate between males and females. The purpose of the participant did not impact the injury rate, nor did the practice of warm-up and cooldown, the time of weekly training, the league and level of competition. Finally, the participation in other sports in parallel did not demonstrated association with the injury occurrence. Trial registration: The present study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee by Plataforma Brazil and follows the Resolution 466/2012/CNS/MS/CONEP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of High Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) injuries in Brazil

et al. 2022

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“…Participation in CrossFit training has been criticized for having a potential disproportionate risk of musculoskeletal injuries [8,9]. Despite methodological limitations [10], recently published studies that investigated injuries in CrossFit training conclude that the injury rate is between 0.74 and 18.9 injuries per 1000 hours of CrossFit training [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Three prospective studies have reported injury rates between 2.1 to 18.9 injuries per 1000 hours of CrossFit training [13,23,24].…”

Section: Study Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last couple of years several studies regarding injuries associated with CrossFit participation and general risks and benefits have been published [12][13][14][15]17,20,21,24,[40][41][42][43][44][45]. To date, several systematic reviews have investigated injuries associated with participation in CrossFit training [3,9,[46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55].…”

Section: Study Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the absence of the full-text article these results could not been included or compared with the results of this review. One article has been excluded since we were not able to extract the number or proportion of injured body parts from the article, the authors were contacted but unfortunately did not respond to our request [14]. One article has been excluded because it was unclear if the reported injury proportion was among the CrossFit participants or amongst the total sample studied [79].…”

Section: Strengths and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Most Common Injuries in Crossfit Training: A Systematic Review

Channah¹,

Mirwais²,

Maria³

2022

Int J Sports Exerc Med

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Background:The injury rate for CrossFit training is relatively low in comparison to other fitness-related sports. Systematic reviews regarding the extent of number of injuries per body part and injury-related exercises in CrossFit training are scarce. The purpose of this study was to determine the injury prevalence and incidence in CrossFit participants, in particular of injured body parts, and to examine injury related exercises in CrossFit. Methods:In December 2021 a comprehensive search in Embase, PubMed, Cinhal, and Sport Discus databases was conducted using keywords CrossFit, Weightlifting, gymnastics and injuries. Studies investigating injury incidence and prevalence in CrossFit training that specifically reported injured body parts, independently screened by two authors, were included. The NIH Quality assessment tool for observational cohort and cross-sectional studies was used to evaluate the methodological quality and validity of each study.Results: Eighteen studies were included in this review. The injury prevalence was between 19.4 and 73.5%, the injury incidence between 12.8 and 66.2%. Shoulder injuries, accounting for between 6.7 and 40.6% of all injuries, were found as most common injury location among CrossFit participants. Lower back (12.9 to 36.0% of all injuries), hand/wrist (4.0 to 32.7%), knee (4.7 to 21.4%), elbow (2.0 to 17.9%), foot/ankle (3.0 to 10.2%), hip (1.6 to 13.3%) and neck (2.0 to 7.0%) injuries were less commonly reported. Most injuries were associated with weight lifting or power lifting movements. Lower back injuries occurred more in weight lifting and power lifting exercises. Shoulder injuries were associated with gymnastic exercises such as ring dips, ring muscle ups, and exercises containing kipping movements. Conclusion:The injury prevalence and incidence in CrossFit participants was between 19.4 and 73.5% and 12.8 and 66.2, respectively. Shoulder injuries were the most common injured body part among CrossFit participants, followed by lower back and hand/wrist injuries. Gymnastic movements as kipping pull-ups, ring dips and muscle ups were reported as exercises with a higher risk for shoulder injuries. Lower back injuries were more commonly reported in association with weightlifting and power lifting movements such as back squat and dead lift.

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“…2 Muscle injuries were frequent, and often related to a previous injury or inadequate technique. 6,7 The most commonly involved muscles were the deltoid, trapezius, and scapular muscles. 7 Despite the prevalence of muscle injuries in CrossFit ® , no report regarding pectoralis major injury in CrossFit ® practitioners was found in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rehabilitation After Surgical Treatment of Pectoralis Major Rupture in a CrossFit® Practitioner: A Case Report

Silva

Ferrer²,

Júnior

et al. 2022

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy

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Background and Purpose The upper limbs are frequently injured during CrossFit® practice, and in some cases, surgical repair is recommended. The purpose of this case report was to describe the rehabilitation process performed after the surgical repair of a pectoralis major rupture in a CrossFit® practitioner. Design Case report. Case Description The subject was a 26-year-old man, with 1.75m and 69kg, who practiced CrossFit® for five years and sustained the injury during the execution of the ring dip. The rehabilitation protocol was of 16 weeks duration. Passive modalities and exercises focusing on range of motion, muscle strength, and CrossFit®-specific movements were performed. Shoulder range of motion was assessed through goniometry, and muscle strength was assessed through isometric dynamometry. Outcomes At week seven the subject had full range of motion, and at week fourteen achieved limb symmetry (Limb Symmetry Index - 84.78 – Abduction; 97.58 – Adduction; 86.15 – Internal Rotation; 85.06 – External Rotation) in muscle strength. The subject returned to his previous level of athletic activities. Conclusions: A 16-week protocol performed with exercises focusing on range of motion, muscle strength, and CrossFit®-specific movements was abe to promote the return to sport at the pre-injury level in a CrossFit® practitioner.

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Joint and muscle injuries in men and women CrossFit® training participants

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Epidemiology of High Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) injuries in Brazil

Epidemiology of High Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) injuries in Brazil

Most Common Injuries in Crossfit Training: A Systematic Review

Rehabilitation After Surgical Treatment of Pectoralis Major Rupture in a CrossFit® Practitioner: A Case Report

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