Joint estimation of location and signal parameters for an LFM emitter

A Fast Direct Position Determination Algorithm for LFM Signal Based on Spectrum Detection

“…One-step localization method [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] processes the observed signals in the central processor without parameter extraction and then constructs the cost function only related to the position of the emitter. This kind of localization algorithms finally obtain the position of the emitter through the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), the least squares, the grid search, gradient-based methods, etc.…”

“…In 2004, Weiss first proposed direct position determination technology [21], analyzed, and compared the DPD performance with AOA for signals with known (DPD-known) and unknown waveforms (DPD-unknown) [22,23]. Over the past dozen years, multiple DPD algorithms have been presented to enhance performance of passive localization system based on different approaches including the maximum likelihood (ML) [25,26], the time frequency analysis (DPD-STFT-w) [27], the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) [28,29], the expectation maximization (EM-DPD) [30,31], the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) [32][33][34], and the time-varying delay [35]. Compared with the one-step approaches, the DPD algorithms directly estimate the initial position of the target according to the received signals in the central station, avoiding the process of correlation of parameters of different receivers.…”

Attractive passive direct positioning algorithm for localisation of multiple transmitters based on eigenvalue maximizing

“…This method works without parameter extraction and inherently associating the estimated parameters with their relevant source, which is commonly referred to as direct position determination (DPD). This kind of method can be derived from the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) or the least squares estimator (LSE) for the Gaussian noise or unknown noise statistics, respectively [8–11]. The approach has shown to achieve better localisation performance than the traditional two‐step methods, such as TDOA‐based ones, at the cost of computation complexity and transmission difficulty.…”

Joint carrier frequency and DOA estimation using a modified ULA based MWC discrete compressed sampling receiver

“…However, the traditional sampling scheme will generate huge amount of sampling data, which needs very big storage space and will affect the subsequent processing speed. Besides, the commonly applied channelised wideband digital receiver will cause cross‐channel signal problem which will decrease the signal recognition and parameter estimation performance [6].…”