“…Moreover, household members tend to schedule joint activities and trips (e.g., Bradley and Vovsha, 2005;Chu, 2022;Fujii et al, 1999;Koppelman, 2002, 2005;Gupta and Vovsha, 2013;Kalter and Geurs, 2016;Kang and Scott, 2011;Kato and Matsumoto, 2009;Lai et al, 2019;Liu et al, 2022;Lu et al, 2022;Mosa and Esawey, 2013;Bhat, 2006, 2008;Vovsha et al, 2003), and these mainly include joint leisure activities and escorting children to school (Han et al, 2019;Hsu and Saphores, 2014;Vovsha and Petersen, 2005;Yarlagadda and Srinivasan, 2008). The existence of joint activities among household members complicates the trade-off between the different types of activities (e.g., household task allocation) (Arrow 2b).…”