“…Digiesi et al (2015) used various terms in the objective function to measure the environmental impact of SPM. Other researchers worked on stocking strategies (Botter and Fortuin, 2000), heterogeneous environment (Barabadi et al, 2021; Chang et al, 2015), heuristic approach (Bülbül et al, 2019), stochastic demand classification (Conceição et al, 2015), uncertain demand (Gu et al, 2015), hybrid approach (Muniz et al, 2021), multiple components (Olde Keizer et al, 2017), binary decision fault tree (Remenyte-Prescott and Andrews, 2008), equivalent equipment exchange (Khademi and Eksioglu, 2018), optimizing spare parts necessity (Eruguz et al, 2018), spare parts demand planning (Kian et al, 2019) based on shelf degradation and without knowing the degradation level (Ghasemi et al, 2007; Moghaddass and Ertekin, 2018).…”