Adaptive modulation and power control technology is an important technique in carrier communication, which can achieve a good balance between improving communication system performance and rational resource allocation. Because the delay and fading of each channel in the communication system are different, in this process, the selection of modulation mode needs to consider channel fading, transmission power, reception signal to noise ratio and other factors. This article studies an adaptive modulation and power control algorithm based on signal-to-noise ratio, with signal noise ratio as an important parameter. It can adaptively select modulation methods and transmission power based on channel conditions, thereby improving communication system performance without increasing channel capacity and system complexity. The research results indicate that after optimizing the algorithm in this article, the performance has been significantly improved in terms of error rate, throughput, and communication delay.