Joint Resource Allocation and Incentive Design for Blockchain-Based Mobile Edge Computing

Sun, Wen; Li, Jiajia; Yue, Yanlin; Wang, Peng

doi:10.1109/twc.2020.2999721

Cited by 94 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In Ref. [ 76 ], two double auction mechanisms were utilized to encourage blockchain entities to share their computing power. Furthermore, Wang et al.…”

Section: Blockchain Networkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-enabled wireless communications: a new paradigm towards 6G

Wang

Ling

et al. 2021

National Science Review

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With the deployment of fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks worldwide, research on sixth-generation (6G) wireless communications has commenced. It is expected that 6G networks can accommodate numerous heterogeneous devices and infrastructures with enhanced efficiency and security over diverse, e.g. spectrum, computing and storage, resources. However, this goal is impeded by a number of trust-related issues that are often neglected in network designs. Blockchain, as an innovative and revolutionary technology that has arisen in the recent decade, provides a promising solution. Building on its nature of decentralization, transparency, anonymity, immutability, traceability and resiliency, blockchain can establish cooperative trust among separate network entities and facilitate, e.g. efficient resource sharing, trusted data interaction, secure access control, privacy protection, and tracing, certification and supervision functionalities for wireless networks, thus presenting a new paradigm towards 6G. This paper is dedicated to blockchain-enabled wireless communication technologies. We first provide a brief introduction to the fundamentals of blockchain, and then we conduct a comprehensive investigation of the most recent efforts in incorporating blockchain into wireless communications from several aspects. Importantly, we further propose a unified framework of the blockchain radio access network (B-RAN) as a trustworthy and secure paradigm for 6G networking by utilizing blockchain technologies with enhanced efficiency and security. The critical elements of B-RAN, such as consensus mechanisms, smart contract, trustworthy access, mathematical modeling, cross-network sharing, data tracking and auditing and intelligent networking, are elaborated. We also provide the prototype design of B-RAN along with the latest experimental results.

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“…In Ref. [ 76 ], two double auction mechanisms were utilized to encourage blockchain entities to share their computing power. Furthermore, Wang et al.…”

Section: Blockchain Networkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-enabled wireless communications: a new paradigm towards 6G

Wang

Ling

et al. 2021

National Science Review

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“…However, trustworthiness should be considered in this research direction. Sun et al [91] proposed double auction mechanisms to motivate MEC servers. Moreover, a blockchain was used to prevent record tampering from malicious edge servers.…”

Section: Blockchain-enabled Incentive Mechanisms In Iotmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Auction Mechanism [91] Propose double auction mechanisms to motivate MEC servers in cross-server resource allocation.…”

Section: Ref Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain-Enabled Edge Intelligence for IoT: Background, Emerging Trends and Open Issues

Wang

Leung

2021

Future Internet

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Blockchain, a distributed ledger technology (DLT), refers to a list of records with consecutive time stamps. This decentralization technology has become a powerful model to establish trust among trustless entities, in a verifiable manner. Motivated by the recent advancement of multi-access edge computing (MEC) and artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain-enabled edge intelligence has become an emerging technology for the Internet of Things (IoT). We review how blockchain-enabled edge intelligence works in the IoT domain, identify the emerging trends, and suggest open issues for further research. To be specific: (1) we first offer some basic knowledge of DLT, MEC, and AI; (2) a comprehensive review of current peer-reviewed literature is given to identify emerging trends in this research area; and (3) we discuss some open issues and research gaps for future investigations. We expect that blockchain-enabled edge intelligence will become an important enabler of future IoT, providing trust and intelligence to satisfy the sophisticated needs of industries and society.

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“…Given a consensus algorithm, when the number of transactions to the blockchain increases, the consensus workload to validate and append them into the blockchain will increase significantly. In current consensus schemes, e.g., DPoS [38], each miner node must implement a repeated verification process across the miner network, which results in unnecessary consensus latency and network bandwidth waste. A possible solution is to reduce the number of miner nodes to reduce the consensus latency, but it potentially compromises the security of blockchain because of the high probability of adding compromised transactions from malicious nodes [39].…”

Section: Blockchain Consensus Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3. Also, similar to the traditional DPoS framework [38], in our PoR mechanism, each of the active EMs takes turn to act as a block manager during its time slot to coordinate the consensus process. In other words, there is one manager in each consensus process.…”

Section: Miner Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative Task Offloading and Block Mining in Blockchain-based Edge Computing with Multi-agent Deep Reinforcement Learning

Nguyen¹,

Ding²,

Pathirana³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The convergence of mobile edge computing (MEC) and blockchain is transforming the current computing services in mobile networks, by offering task offloading solutions with security enhancement empowered by blockchain mining. Nevertheless, these important enabling technologies have been studied separately in most existing works. This article proposes a novel cooperative task offloading and block mining (TOBM) scheme for a blockchain-based MEC system where each edge device not only handles data tasks but also deals with block mining for improving the system utility. To address the latency issues caused by the blockchain operation in MEC, we develop a new Proof-of-Reputation consensus mechanism based on a lightweight block verification strategy. A multi-objective function is then formulated to maximize the system utility of the blockchain-based MEC system, by jointly optimizing offloading decision, channel selection, transmit power allocation, and computational resource allocation. We propose a novel distributed deep reinforcement learning-based approach by using a multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm. We then develop a game-theoretic solution to model the offloading and mining competition among edge devices as a potential game, and prove the existence of a pure Nash equilibrium. Simulation results demonstrate the significant system utility improvements of our proposed scheme over baseline approaches.

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Joint Resource Allocation and Incentive Design for Blockchain-Based Mobile Edge Computing

Cited by 94 publications

References 28 publications

Blockchain-enabled wireless communications: a new paradigm towards 6G

Blockchain-enabled wireless communications: a new paradigm towards 6G

Blockchain-Enabled Edge Intelligence for IoT: Background, Emerging Trends and Open Issues

Cooperative Task Offloading and Block Mining in Blockchain-based Edge Computing with Multi-agent Deep Reinforcement Learning

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