Joint stiffness and gait pattern evaluation in children with Down syndrome

Galli, Manuela; Rigoldi, Chiara; Brunner, Reinald; Virji‐Babul, Naznin; Albertini, G.

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.03.001

Cited by 135 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Among the lower limb joints, ankle deserves a special attention, as dorsi/plantarflexion and inversion/eversion are key movements for balance and general functional ability [23], playing an important role in human gait. In fact, It was observed that ankle kinetics are often affected by neuromotor pathologies and may improve after therapies [24][25][26][27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Ankle Strength Measurements by Means of a Hand-Held Dynamometer in Adult Healthy Subjects

2017

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Uniaxial Hand-Held Dynamometer (HHD) is a low-cost device widely adopted in clinical practice to measure muscle force. HHD measurements depend on operator's ability and joint movements. The aim of the work is to validate the use of a commercial HHD in both dorsiflexion and plantarflexion ankle strength measurements quantifying the effects of HHD misplacements and unwanted foot's movements on the measurements. We used an optoelectronic system and a multicomponent load cell to quantify the sources of error in the manual assessment of the ankle strength due to both the operator's ability to hold still the HHD and the transversal components of the exerted force that are usually neglected in clinical routine. Results showed that foot's movements and angular misplacements of HHD on sagittal and horizontal planes were relevant sources of inaccuracy on the strength assessment. Moreover, ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion force measurements presented an inaccuracy less than 2% and higher than 10%, respectively. In conclusion, the manual use of a uniaxial HHD is not recommended for the assessment of ankle plantarflexion strength; on the contrary, it can be allowed asking the operator to pay strong attention to the HHD positioning in ankle dorsiflexion strength measurements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Ankle Strength Measurements by Means of a Hand-Held Dynamometer in Adult Healthy Subjects

2017

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“…Delayed reaction times have been reported in DS for a number of stimuli such a light, sound, and combinations light/sound signals [38]. We suggest that these results could represent delays in the neurological process underpinning biological motion processing in DS; however, we also emphasize that other factors, such as a more generalized motor slowing [39,40] could have also produced these results. As such, we are hesitant to suggest that the increased reaction times in the current experiment are a definitive indicator of impaired biological motion processing in DS in the current experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…When the difference between the PLW speeds was small, however, we expected the control group to outperform the group with DS. Based on already published literature about reaction time in DS, Davis et al [38], Galli et al [39], Anson [40]. We also hypothesized, that the reaction time performance on our study would be significantly different between the groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Perception of Biological Motion Speed in Individuals with Down Syndrome

Tolentino-Castro¹,

Riddell²,

Wagner³

2017

J Down Syndr Chr Abnorm

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IntroductionAction and perception are two inherently linked aspects of human behavior that allow us to understand and interact with our surroundings. The interplay between action production and perception enables humans to act in a number of highly demanding situation such as unusual, novel or unstable environments [1]. Babies interact with their environment in a myriad of different ways such as imitation, selfmotion and observing the examples of others [2][3][4]. These interactions serve to shape not only their knowledge about the world, but also their understanding of the functionality of their bodies.Action performance interacts with action perception, and viceversa. This is reflected in the brain, as both performing and perceiving actions activate similar cortical areas [5]. Previous research has revealed significant interactions between action perception and action execution, and studies have shown that action perception can interfere with action execution reciprocally [6][7][8]. It is particularly insightful to study such interactions in populations with abnormal skeleto-muscular and/or neural development, as in these populations the brain may have adapted differently to handle physical differences, which in turn may influence how affected individuals interact with their surroundings. For example Sinha et al. [9] have shown that individuals with autism spectrum disorder, adapt their sensory input atypically, resulting in diverse behavioral traits. Down Syndrome (DS) is one of the most common genetic disorders (14 per 10 000 live births) caused by the presence of a complete or partial third copy of chromosome 21 (Trisomy 21) [10]. DS is a genetic change that impacts not only intellectual ability, but also motor development and motor control over the lifetime [11,12]. Abnormal brain functioning related to learning has been reveled in a number of studies [13][14][15][16]. In addition to neurodevelopmental abnormalities, corporal abnormalities are also common in DS. These abnormalities are highly related to the impaired motor control of voluntary movements [11,17].Children with DS require more time to learn basic movements. Additionally, as movement complexity increases they achieve gross motor functions at an average age that is almost twice that of typically developed children [18]. However, despite delays in motor development and the control of voluntary movements, the DS population does not exhibit a complete absence of the production of gross motor skills. For instance, individuals with DS are often capable of walking and jumping, as well as fine motor skills and manual dexterity. Examples of functional motor development can be seen when special teaching strategies are implemented [19][20][21][22][23][24]. This demonstrates that individuals with DS are at least somewhat able to adapt to their motor impairments. In more realistic tasks, Latash [11,17] argue that, when confronted with an unexpected or unclear motion situation, individuals with DS choose to act slowly (bradykinesia) during the initiation ph...

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“…The neuropathological basis for the motor dysfunction present in DS is not yet well established, but it is suggested that the cerebellar dysfunction, the delayed myelination, as well as proprioceptive and vestibular deficits, can be considered as possible causes (Galli, Rigoldi, Brunner, Virji-Babul, & Giorgio, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<b>Electromyographic evaluation of the lower limbs of patients with Down syndrome in hippotherapy

Ribeiro

Espíndula

Ferreira

et al. 2017

Acta Sci. Health Sci.

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ABSTRACT. Hippotherapy is a therapeutic method that uses the horse's movement to achieve functional results in practitioners with Down syndrome (DS), who present motor and neurophysiological changes that affect the musculoskeletal system. Evaluating the motor behavior related to the control and the improvement of muscle activation in practitioners with Down syndrome subjected to hippotherapy. 10 practitioners were divided into two groups: Down Group (DG) -practitioners with DS, and Healthy Group (HG) -practitioners with no physical impairment. The muscles gluteus medius, tensor fasciae latae, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius were evaluated by electromyography using gross RMS values, which correspond to muscle activation; the evaluations were performed on the 1 st and 10 th hippotherapy sessions (frequency: once a week), and after 2 months interval without treatment, they were performed on the 1 st and 10 th hippotherapy sessions (frequency: twice a week). It was noted that activation of the studied muscles increased with the passing of sessions, regardless the weekly frequency of attendance; however, the period without treatment resulted in reduction of this effect. Practitioners with DS presented satisfactory changes in muscle activation pattern, in learning and in motor behavior during hippotherapy sessions.Keywords: muscle activation, electromyography, hippotherapy, Down syndrome, equine assisted therapy.Avaliação eletromiográfica dos membros inferiores de pacientes com síndrome de Down na equoterapia RESUMO. Equoterapia é um método terapêutico que utiliza o movimento do cavalo para alcançar resultados funcionais, realizada em praticantes com síndrome de Down (SD), que apresentam alterações neurofisiológicas e motoras que afetam o sistema musculoesquelético. Avaliar o comportamento motor relacionado ao controle e melhora a ativação muscular em praticantes com SD submetidos ao tratamento equoterapêutico. Participaram dez praticantes divididos em dois grupos: grupo Down (GD) -praticantes com SD, e grupo Saudável (GS) -praticantes sem comprometimento físico. Os músculos glúteo médio, tensor da fáscia lata, reto femoral, vasto medial, vasto lateral, bíceps femoral, tibial anterior e gastrocnêmio foram avaliados por meio da eletromiografia, utilizando o valor de RMS bruto que corresponde à ativação muscular, e as avaliações foram realizadas na primeira e décima sessões de equoterapia (frequência: 01 vez por semana); e após intervalo de dois meses sem tratamento, foi realizada na primeira e décima sessões de equoterapia (frequência: 02 vezes por semana). Observou-se que a ativação muscular dos músculos estudados aumentou com o passar das sessões, independente da frequência semanal de atendimento; mas o período sem tratamento resultou em redução deste efeito. Os praticantes com SD apresentaram mudanças satisfatórias no padrão de ativação muscular, na aprendizagem e no comportamento motor no decorrer das sessões de equoterapia.Palavras-chave: ativa...

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Joint stiffness and gait pattern evaluation in children with Down syndrome

Cited by 135 publications

References 12 publications

Validation of Ankle Strength Measurements by Means of a Hand-Held Dynamometer in Adult Healthy Subjects

Validation of Ankle Strength Measurements by Means of a Hand-Held Dynamometer in Adult Healthy Subjects

Perception of Biological Motion Speed in Individuals with Down Syndrome

<b>Electromyographic evaluation of the lower limbs of patients with Down syndrome in hippotherapy

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