Of the four volatile radionuclides that may require removal from the off-gas streams of a US-sited used nuclear fuel reprocessing plant ( 3 H, 14 C, 85 Kr, and 129 I), 129 I is expected to require the greatest efficiency of removal. Historically, the removal of organic iodine species has been considered more difficult than the removal of elemental iodine (I2). In 2012, Oak