Joint toxicity of microplastics with triclosan to marine microalgae Skeletonema costatum

Chen

2019

IJERPH

Bisphenol A (BPA) is the raw material of 71% of polycarbonate-based resins and 27% of epoxy-based resins which are used for coating metal-based food and beverage cans. Meanwhile, it is taken into account as a typical environmental pollutant. Hormesis may occur in algae exposed to BPA. In this study, the effects of BPA on Chlorella pyrenoidosa were assessed based on growth inhibition and transcriptome analysis. We have focused on two exposure scenarios as follows: (1) exposure to a low stimulation concentration (0.1 mg.L−1, 19.35% promotion in cell density on the 3rd day); (2) exposure to a high inhibition concentration (10 mg.L−1, 64.71% inhibition in cell density on the 3rd day). Transcriptome analysis showed enrichment in nucleotide transport, single-organism transport, cellular respiration. Among them, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) dehydrogenase were upregulated under 0.1 mg.L−1 BPA treatment. These changes enhanced the physiological and energy metabolic pathways of C. pyrenoidosa, thereby stimulating cell proliferation. At exposure to the high BPA, severe inhibited changes in the expression levels of several pathways were observed, which were related to tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glycolysis, fatty acid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and photosynthesis. Therefore, BPA could negatively affect growth inhibition through the multiple energy metabolism processes. These results may result in a deeper insight into BPA-induced biphasic responses in algae, and provide vital information to assess the potential ecological risks of exposure to BPA in an aquatic ecosystem.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Analysis of Chlorella pyrenoidosa Exposed to Bisphenol A

Chen

2019

IJERPH

Handbook of Microplastics in the Environment

“…The occurrence of MP in the open ocean was reported already in the 1970s, while in recent years, the ubiquity of MP and their negative effects for marine and freshwater biota have been increasingly studied (Carpenter and Smith 1972;Silva et al 2018). The small size of MP enables its ingestion by several marine species from different trophic levels and with different feeding strategies, leading to direct physical damage and potential toxicity effects (Wright et al 2013;Zhu et al 2019). Specifically, physical damage refers to the sheer mechanical harming potential of MP in the gastrointestinal tracts of ingesting organisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic Characterization by Infrared Spectroscopy

Hassellöv

et al. 2020

A realistic risk assessment of microplastic pollution must stand on representative data on the abundance, size distribution, and chemical composition of polymers. Infrared spectroscopy is an indispensable tool for the analysis of microplastics (<5 mm). Spectral imaging, which provides simultaneous measurement of spatial (e.g., particle morphology) and spectroscopic information, is a promising approach toward automated microplastic analysis. This chapter aims at providing guidelines to assist with the analysis of spectral imaging data and summarizing the limitations and analytical challenges from a technical point of view. Topics, like automated particle selection for faster infrared mapping, spectral pre-processing to enhance signal quality, multivariate exploratory analysis, comprehensive reference spectral libraries, spectral matching approaches, and modelbased classification, will be exposed and some possible strategies and solutions given and discussed. We will demonstrate how to identify microplastic species by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data in a stepwise manner, with detailed MATLAB command line scripts freely available to be downloaded. The reader is guided through every step and oriented in order to adapt those strategies to the user's individual case.

Progress in Oceanography

“…Studies that showed inhibitory-effects are for example those of Fu et al (2019) and Zhu et al (2019), while growth stimulation after microplastic exposure has been reported by Guo et al (2020). Each of these studies increase our knowledge into the possible effects of microplastic on primary producers, which is currently limited compared to other trophic levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A few studies have compared the growth of microalgae exposed to different sized MP (e.g. Zhang et al, 2017;Zhu et al, 2019), however, the MP particle dose of each size class MP in varies, leading to a different range of response-patterns. For example, Zhang et al (2017) reported that 1 µm polyvinyl chloride (PVC) particles altered the growth of Skeletonema costatum while 1,000 µm PVC particles did not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The high diversity of Southern Ocean sea stars (Asteroidea) reveals original evolutionary pathways

Moreau

Jossart

Danis

et al. 2021

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