Joint Toxicity of Xanthene Dyes to the House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae)

Carpenter, Terry L.; Johnson, L.H.; Mundie, Thomas G.; Heitz, Andjames R.

doi:10.1093/jee/77.2.308

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The insecticidal property of xanthene dyes was discovered when mortality, retardation of growth, and a decrease in fecundity of female insects were observed while the dyes were being used as biological markers in an insect ecological study (Yoho et al, 1973). Insect bioassays showed that dye-sensitized photooxidation caused mortality in house flies (Carpenter et al, 1984;Yoho et al, 1976) and other insects (Callaham et al, 1975;Fondren and Heitz, 1978). Recent studies showed that phloxine B and uranine effectively suppressed fruit flies (Liquido et al, 1995a,b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for the Analysis of Phloxine B, Uranine, and Related Xanthene Dyes in Soil Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Alcantara-Licudine

Kawate

1997

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The use of supercritical fluid (SF) carbon dioxide (CO2) modified by organic solvents and inorganic salts or chelating reagents was investigated for the extraction of the xanthene dyes phloxine B and uranine from soil. Methanol (MeOH), n-butylamine (n-BA), and a chelating agent, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tetrasodium salt (Na4EDTA), were the most effective modifiers of SF CO2 for quantitative recoveries of phloxine B and uranine in soils with 10−20% moisture at 60 °C/476 atm and 60 °C/272 atm, respectively. At these supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) conditions, recoveries of related xanthene dyes (i.e., 2‘,7‘-dichlorofluorescein, 4,5,6,7-tetrachlorofluorescein, eosin Y lactone, erythrosin B, and rose bengal) fortified at 25 μg/g in Hawaiian soils ranged from 65 to 93%. Good separation of a mixture of these dyes was achieved by HPLC. A mixture of MeOH, n-BA, and sodium hexametaphosphate [(NaPO3)6] was effective for conventional solvent extraction of phloxine B and uranine from fortified soils. However, SFE was more selective and gave cleaner extracts. Recoveries were comparable to those by solvent extraction. Keywords: Phloxine B; uranine; xanthene dye; EDTA; SFE; HPLC; soil

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for the Analysis of Phloxine B, Uranine, and Related Xanthene Dyes in Soil Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Alcantara-Licudine

Kawate

1997

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…A United States patent was issued covering the synergism of a nontoxic dye with a demonstrated toxic dye in both house fly and mosquito systems (6i7). Later, in tests involving 8 xanthene dyes, it was not possbile to confirm the mechanism of action as that referred to above (68). Further, the synergism could not be correlated with the number of halogens, percent halogenation, molecular weight, partition coefficient, fluorescence quantum yield of the synergist dye, or the overlap interval for the synergist dye with erythrosin B.…”

Section: Dye Insecticidesmentioning

confidence: 92%

Development of Photoactivated Compounds as Pesticides

Heitz

1987

ACS Symposium Series

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Although light has been known to enhance certain toxic reactions since 1888, the principle was not exploited until after 1970 to any great extent. The greatest concentration of effort has been in the study of photodynamically active dyes, primarily the halogenated fluorescein series, as prospective insecticides. More recently, compounds of plant origin have been isolated, identified, and studied as phototoxins against a wide range of pests, including insects, fungi, and weeds. The main classes studied to this time are the furanocoumarins, thiophenes, acetylenes, extended quinones, and the chlorophyll a intermediates popularized as "laser herbicides." It is apparent that this area of research will expand in the coming years rather than retrench.The expenditure of energy frequently helps to enhance the probability of successfully reaching one's goals in this universe. For as long as chemistry has existed as a science, we have input energy, most frequently heat energy, into chemical reactions to make the molecules or to produce the effects which we wanted. The use of light energy has remained quantitatively a minor component as a means of energy input. This has also been the case with the development of the pesticide industry. Light energy has not been used to drive toxicological reactions or to provide specificity for those reactions to any great extent until the decade of the 70's. Several review chapters have been written covering individual aspects of photodynamically active pesticides (1-8). The purpose of this chapter is to provide a chronological treatment of the development of light as an integral part of the toxicological action of several classes of pesticides; and also, to show the development of the various classes of light activated pesticides relative to each other.

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Enhancement of dye-sensitized phototoxicity to house fly larvae in vivo by dietary ascorbate, diazabicyclooctane, and other additives

Robinson

Beatson

1985

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

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Joint Toxicity of Xanthene Dyes to the House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae)

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Method for the Analysis of Phloxine B, Uranine, and Related Xanthene Dyes in Soil Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Method for the Analysis of Phloxine B, Uranine, and Related Xanthene Dyes in Soil Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

Development of Photoactivated Compounds as Pesticides

Enhancement of dye-sensitized phototoxicity to house fly larvae in vivo by dietary ascorbate, diazabicyclooctane, and other additives

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