Joit torque and energy patterns in normal gait

Winter, David; Robertson, D. Gordon E.

doi:10.1007/bf00337349

Cited by 162 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The coordinates were then digitally filtered by a zero lag, fourth order, low pass, Butterworth filter with a four hertz cut-off (Winter et al, 1974;Pezzack et al, 1977). The four hertz cut-off was chosen because it was the lowest frequency which did not cause significant attenuation of the accelerations during swing.…”

Section: Zeromentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical energy generation, absorption and transfer amongst segments during walking

Gordon¹,

Robertson

Winter

1980

Journal of Biomechanics

234

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Section: Zeromentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shank and foot during the remainder of swing act much like a pendulum with the exception of slight ankle dorsiflexor activity and knee flexor absorption. A more detailed analysis of the energy flows among the segments can be found in Winter and Robertson (1978).…”

Section: Causes Of Segmental Energy Changes In Walkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical energy generation, absorption and transfer amongst segments during walking

Gordon¹,

Robertson

Winter

1980

Journal of Biomechanics

234

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“…From these correlations, longer-limbed individuals exert a larger hip moment on the affected side (both area and maximum), a tendency more common regardless of prosthesis used because of their larger amount of remaining muscle and the longer limb providing a better lever arm with which to push off the ground and propel the body forward [7,[11][12][13]. Conversely, those with shorter residual limbs have a significantly higher knee rise area, which is also strongly correlated with reduction in MCOT and reduction in the rise of COM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While walking over level ground, energy is largely conserved via storage, transfer, and timed discharge of potential energy with minimal propulsive input needed from the hip. During gait, potential energy is stored kinetically by raising the body or elastically in the tendons of the legs [7]. In models, by combining passive actuators (springs) with clutches to activate and deactivate these actuators during walking, much of the mechanical energy produced can be stored and used at later phases of the gait cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolic effects of using a variable impedance prosthetic knee

2016

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Abstract-A transfemoral amputation has a significant effect on walking. Though current prosthetic knee options serve to restore mobility, as purely passive devices, they do not fully restore nondisabled gait. Persons with transfemoral amputation incur a higher metabolic cost during walking than persons without amputation and as a result walk slower and for shorter distances before tiring. An original variable-impedance transmission prosthetic knee (VI Knee) was tested in five study participants with unilateral transfemoral amputation at two steadystate walking speeds, one below and one above their preferred walking speed. While walking with the VI Knee, participants with shorter limbs showed a reduction in metabolic cost compared with their conventional C-Leg prosthesis, while those with longer limbs exhibited an increase. Though differences were observed between speeds, overall the difference in metabolic cost (reduction or increase) was found to correlate significantly with rise in the center of mass, with those with shorter residual limbs exhibiting less overall lifting of the body during gait.

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Motor Control

Heuer

2003

Handbook of Psychology

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Skilled movements require the determination of motor outflow which is appropriate for a certain intended motor pattern; this poses an intricate control problem because of the complex transformations on the way from neural activity to actual limb movements. Solutions are reached by combinations of feedforward and feedback processes. Feedforward processes start before the physical movement and embrace a representation which anticipates it. This anticipatory representation is involved in control and can be modeled in different ways, for example, as a generalized motor program or as a neural network. Sensory information is required both to adapt the anticipatory movement representation to the environment and for feedback‐based corrections, but it is not necessarily the same kind of information on which perceptual awareness is based. Many tasks require the coordinated action of different limbs. While the interactions between the limbs involved are largely tuned to the task requirements, there are constraints which are hard or even impossible to overcome. These constraints originate at different levels of motor control. Overall motor control reveals a remarkable degree of flexibility in adjusting to new visuo‐motor transformations and force fields.

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Joit torque and energy patterns in normal gait

Cited by 162 publications

References 7 publications

Mechanical energy generation, absorption and transfer amongst segments during walking

Mechanical energy generation, absorption and transfer amongst segments during walking

Metabolic effects of using a variable impedance prosthetic knee

Motor Control

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