Jolly fat: relation between obesity and psychoneurosis in general population.

Crisp, A. H.; McGuiness, Bernadette

doi:10.1136/bmj.1.6000.7

Cited by 319 publications

(222 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Studies support the possibility of depression promoting obesity and vice versa as association has been seen between the factors in several studies (Wadden et al, 1988(Wadden et al, , 1997Istvan et al, 1992;Sullivan et al, 1993;Faith et al, 2002), while older cross-sectional studies do not support this relation (Crisp & McGuinness, 1976;Stewart & Brook, 1983). Lower levels of cognitive stimulation, because of depression or low self-esteem among heavier mothers cannot be excluded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Maternal body mass index, duration of exclusive breastfeeding and children's developmental status at the age of 6 years

et al. 2005

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Objective: To investigate whether the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and maternal body mass index (BMI) are associated with children's developmental status at the time of beginning elementary school. Design and subjects: The subjects in the sample came from a longitudinal study on infant nutrition in Iceland. Food records were made once a month from birth to the age of 12 months, from which duration of exclusive breastfeeding could be determined. Mothers filled in The Icelandic developmental inventory for evaluation of motor and verbal development close to their children's sixth birthday (n ¼ 85). Maternal self-reported weight and height was recorded. Information on socioeconomic factors was gathered by a questionnaire. Results: Duration of exclusive breastfeeding, in months, was positively related to children's motor component (B ¼ 0.570.5, P ¼ 0.054) and to the total developmental index (B ¼ 1.070.5, P ¼ 0.044) at 6 y, adjusting for gender and socioeconomic factors (maternal and paternal education, and family income). Children's learning score was negatively related to maternal BMI (B ¼ À0.570.2, P ¼ 0.047). An inverse association also appeared between maternal BMI and two out of the three developmental composite scores, that is, verbal component and the total developmental index (B ¼ À0.670.3, P ¼ 0.049) and (B ¼ À0.470.2, P ¼ 0.057), respectively. In multiple regression the developmental indexes were most strongly independently associated with maternal BMI (negatively) and infants' birth weight (positively). Conclusion: Maternal BMI and duration of breastfeeding were associated with verbal and motor development of 6-y-old children, independent of socioeconomic factors. Birth weight was also an independent determinant for developmental scores.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Maternal body mass index, duration of exclusive breastfeeding and children's developmental status at the age of 6 years

et al. 2005

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“…'The Jolly Fat' -hypothesis was presented in the 1970s, when a positive association was found between obesity and low levels of anxiety in men and women, and low levels of depression in men. 13 On the other hand, recent studies have mostly observed an increased risk for depression among the obese. 14,15 Most of the epidemiological studies concerning the association between obesity and depression have been cross-sectional.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and depression: results from the longitudinal Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort Study

et al. 2005

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Objective: To examine the association between body size and depression in a longitudinal setting and to explore the connection between obesity and depression in young adults at the age of 31 years. Design: This study forms part of the longitudinal Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort Study (N ¼ 12 058). The follow-up studies were performed at 14 and 31 years. Data were collected by postal inquiry at 14 years and by postal inquiry and clinical examination at 31 years. Subjects: A total of 8451 subjects (4029 men and 4422 women) who gave a written informed consent and information on depression by three depression indicators at 31 years. Measurements: Body size at 14 (body mass index (BMI) and 31 (BMI and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)) years and depression at 31 years by three different ways: depressive symptoms by the HSCL-25-depression questionnaire (HSCL-25), the use of antidepressants and self-reported physician-diagnosed depression. Results: Obesity at 14 years associated with depressive symptoms at 31 years; among male subjects using the cutoff point 2.01 in the HSCL-25 (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.97, 95% CI 1.06-3.68), among female subjects using the cutoff point 1.75 (adjusted OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.16-2.32). Female subjects who were obese both at baseline and follow-up had depressive symptoms relatively commonly (adjusted OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.06-1.85 at cutoff point 1.75); a similar association was not found among male subjects. The proportion of those who used antidepressants was 2.17-fold higher among female subjects who had gained weight compared to female subjects who had stayed normal-weighted (adjusted OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.28-3.68). In the crosssectional analyses male subjects with abdominal obesity (WHR X85th percentile) had a 1.76-fold risk of depressive symptoms using the cutoff 2.01 in the HSCL-25 (adjusted OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.08-2.88). Abdominally obese male subjects had a 2.07-fold risk for physician-diagnosed depression (adjusted OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.23-3.47) and the proportion of those who used antidepressants was 2.63-fold higher among obese male subjects than among male subjects without abdominal obesity (adjusted OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.33-5.21). Abdominal obesity did not associate with depression in female subjects. Conclusion: Obesity in adolescence may be associated with later depression in young adulthood, abdominal obesity among male subjects may be closely related to concomitant depression, and being overweight/obese both in adolescence and adulthood may be a risk for depression among female subjects.

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“…[18][19][20][21][22] However, other studies do not support this association, 14,15,17,23,24 and a few have even reported better mental health among people with excess body weight. [25][26][27][28] The discordant results from these studies may be due in part to methodological limitations. Most studies have examined patients seeking treatment for obesity, who tend to have more impaired HRQOL and more disturbances, such as eating disorders than those not seeking treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship of excess body weight and health-related quality of life: evidence from a population study in Taiwan

2006

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Objective: Excess body weight is related to significant morbidity and mortality. However, less is known about the relationship of body weight to health-related quality of life (HRQOL), especially for Asian populations. We examined the relationship of excess weight and HRQOL in a general population sample from Taiwan. Research methods and procedures: This cross-sectional study used a national representative sample (n ¼ 14 221) from the 2001 Taiwan National Health Interview Survey. Body weight was categorized using body mass index (BMI in kg/m 2 ) as normal (18.5-24.9), overweight (25-29.9), and obese (X30). HRQOL was measured using the Taiwan version of the SF-36. We compared the body weight-HRQOL relationships by age, gender, and status of chronic condition, respectively. We especially used the Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) to examine the relationships of BMI and HRQOL by taking into account the correlations of HRQOL within households. Four models were developed to adjust sequentially for sets of covariates: Model 1 with no adjustment; Model 2 adjusting for sociodemographic variables; Model 3 adding chronic conditions; Model 4 further adding smoking status. Results: Unadjusted physical HRQOL was best for normal weight, worse for overweight, and worst for obese individuals. For unadjusted mental HRQOL, overweight subjects had at least as good mental domain scores of HRQOL as those with normal weight or obesity, depending on the subscales. As age increased, excess weight was associated with worse physical, but not mental HRQOL. Compared to men, women with excess weight showed a greater deficit in physical HRQOL. Multivariable analyses suggested that obesity was associated with worse physical HRQOL compared to overweight, which, in turn, was worse or comparable to normal weight. Specifically, in the model adjusting for demographic variables, the deficit in physical functioning and physical component scores for the obese vs normal weight were statistical significant (Po0.05) and clinically important difference (effect size X0.3). Both obesity and overweight were associated with higher mental component scores than normal weight, but the effect size was o0.3. Conclusion: In Taiwan, excess weight was related to worse physical, but not mental HRQOL. The lack of impact of increased body weight on mental health status presents a potential challenge to preventing the increases in obesity. More research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which excess weight affects specific domains of HRQOL, and to develop effective prevention strategies.

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Jolly fat: relation between obesity and psychoneurosis in general population.

Cited by 319 publications

References 23 publications

Maternal body mass index, duration of exclusive breastfeeding and children's developmental status at the age of 6 years

Maternal body mass index, duration of exclusive breastfeeding and children's developmental status at the age of 6 years

Obesity and depression: results from the longitudinal Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort Study

The relationship of excess body weight and health-related quality of life: evidence from a population study in Taiwan

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