“…Parental drug use is associated with several emotional, behavioral, social, academic, and physical problems among children throughout their life course (Clark, Cornelius, Wood, & Vanyukov, 2004;Ranta & Raitasalo, 2015;van den Einde-Bus, Goldschmeding, Tielen, de Waart, & van de Looij-Jansen, 2010. Maternal drug use during pregnancy can cause premature birth, slowed growth (Vucinovic et al, 2008) and low birthweight (Schuetze & Eiden, 2006;Behnke et al, 2013).…”