Josephson effect in ferromagnetic superconductors

Ultrasonic Studies of Textured Superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y in Magnetic Fields

“…The samples were studied with the magnetic fields applied: (a) along the c-axis and (b) parallel to the a-b plane. For the c-axis magnetisation direction, the FLL will be pinned by extrinsic features (lattice defects, impurities, grain boundaries) whereas for a-b plane magnetisation, it has been suggested [6] that pinning is intrinsic and attributable to the normal layers separating the Bi2Sr2CaCu20s-y Cu02 conduction planes. Following Hanaguri et a1 [3]: the terminology CA mode is used here to indicate magnetic field (FL.L orientation) and ultrasonic shear wave propagation along the c-axis direction, with shear displacement direction in the a-b plane; for shear wave propagation and magnetic field aligned with the a-b plane, AC mode indicates shear displacement aligned with the caxis and the AB mode, shear displacement set perpendicular to the c-axis, in the a-b plane.…”