Josephson impedance bridges as universal impedance comparators

Palafox, L.; Behr, R.; Nissilä, J.; Schurr, J.; Kibble, B P

doi:10.1109/cpem.2012.6251004

Cited by 15 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For a review of this error mechanism, see Burroughs et al [85,86]. Many measurements in the literature have been subject to such transient problems [83,84,[87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98]. As an example, figure 9 shows the absence of accurate voltage over the range we expect to observe a QLR (data from Burroughs et al [85]).…”

Section: Pjvs Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The use of a two-level PJVS waveform is one way to slightly minimize the effect of transients on the fundamental [100], but it has the undesirable consequence of generating a large quantity of large-amplitude digitization harmonics. The use of two-level PJVS waveforms has been implemented for fast reverse dc measurements [101,102] and was suggested for impedance ratio measurements based on two PJVS systems [90,91,93,[95][96][97][98]. As shown in figure 9, tuning just one of the bias signals will always modify the transients in some fashion and results in a change in rms voltage.…”

Section: Pjvs Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of the latest generation of Josephson voltage standards in ac and dc electric metrology

2018

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For decades, the quantum behavior of Josephson junctions has been employed as intrinsic standards for voltage metrology. Conventional dc Josephson voltage standards have been the primary standards for voltage, programmable Josephson voltage standards have been implemented in calibration services and precision measurements, such as the Planck constant, and Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizers have been employed in ac voltage calibrations and precision measurements of the Boltzmann constant. With the anticipated redefinition of the Système International d'Unités, all types of Josephson voltage standards will become intrinsic standards and equivalent realizations of the unit volt. Here we review the stateof-the art performance, best practices, and current impact of these systems for various applications, with an emphasis on ac voltage metrology. We explain the limitations of each system, especially regarding the many potential systematic errors that affect their accuracy and performance for specific applications.

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Section: Pjvs Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Pjvs Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the latest generation of Josephson voltage standards in ac and dc electric metrology

2018

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“…Finally, the 2TP bridge was tested to compare unlike impedance (i.e. 12.9 kΩ to 10 nF) at a frequency of 1233 Hz [125]. The type A uncertainty was 1.5 parts in 10 6 and the comparison with the traditional method agrees within this uncertainty.…”

Section: Programmable Josephson Bridgementioning

confidence: 97%

“…Although specific DACs have been developed for accurate generation of voltage ratio, the accuracy level of the transformerbased bridges has not yet been challenged by these DACbased bridges. Another major improvement of the accuracy of digital impedance bridges has been done by replacing the electronic source by Josephson voltage standards [123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130][131][132][133][134].…”

Section: Impedance Bridges: History and Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impedance bridges: from Wheatstone to Josephson

Overney

Jeanneret

2018

Metrologia

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This paper reviews the recent evolution of the measurement techniques in the area of impedance measurement from the Wheatstone bridge to the most advanced Josephson based digital impedance bridge. The progress in the development of high sampling rate, high accuracy digitaltoanalog and analogtodigital converters has led to the development of digital impedance bridges that have profoundly modified the landscape of impedance metrology. Although these new bridges do not yet outperform the traditional transformer based bridge in terms of accuracy, they significantly improve their measurement capabilities and flexibility by allowing a complete automation, a full coverage of the complex plane, arbitrary bridge ratios and extended frequency range. In addition, after the redefinition of the International System of Unit, they will contribute to the realization of the henry and the farad by establishing a direct link between the quantized Hall resistance and the capacitance or inductance standards.

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“…This impedance bridge was also used to make 1:1 and 10:1-measurements with 10 pF and 100 pF capacitance standards and amplitudes of up to 10 V. The achieved uncertainties are in the range between 0.9 and 81.1 parts in 10 8 in a frequency range between 500 Hz and 10 kHz (Hagen et al 2017). Due to the unavoidable transients and, hence, high harmonic content in a PJVS system (see figure 10), the uncertainty for a quadrature measurement (comparing unlike impedances R:1/(ωC)) is limited to some parts in 10 6 (Palafox et al 2012).…”

Section: Josephson Impedance Bridgesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Josephson voltage standards as toolkit for precision metrological applications at PTB

Behr

Bauer

Herick

et al. 2022

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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60 years after the discovery of the Josephson effect, electrical DC voltage calibrations are routinely performed worldwide - mostly using automated Josephson voltage standards (JVS). Nevertheless, the field of electrical quantum voltage metrology is still propagating towards AC applications. In the past 10 years the fabrication of highly integrated arrays containing more than 50 000 or even 300 000 junctions has achieved a very robust level providing highly functional devices. Such reliable Josephson arrays are the basis for many novel applications mainly focussing on precision ac measurements for signal frequencies up to 500 kHz. Two versions of quantum AC standards are being employed. Programmable Josephson voltage standards (PJVS), based on series arrays divided into subarrays, reach amplitudes up to 20 V and usually are used as quantum voltage reference in measurement systems. Pulse driven arrays reach amplitudes up to 1 V or even 4 V and are typically used as Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizers (JAWS). This paper summarizes the principal contributions from PTB to the present state of Josephson voltage standards with particular focus on developments for precision metrological applications and our proof-of-concept demonstrations.

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Josephson impedance bridges as universal impedance comparators

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Impact of the latest generation of Josephson voltage standards in ac and dc electric metrology

Impact of the latest generation of Josephson voltage standards in ac and dc electric metrology

Impedance bridges: from Wheatstone to Josephson

Josephson voltage standards as toolkit for precision metrological applications at PTB

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