Journeys and landscapes of forced migration: Memorializing fear among refugees and internally displaced Colombians

Riaño‐Alcalá, Pilar

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8676.2008.00036.x

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Considering the protective role of resources in the development of resilience [ 8 ], it was not surprising that women who had returned to their original locations of residency were identified as displaying higher levels of resilience than women who are displaced or never moved; yet it does not explain the simultaneous higher level of posttraumatic stress related symptoms that contradict previous research findings [ 57 ]. Displaced or relocated participants have shown inhibited resilience compared to returnees, which is consistent with findings of the detrimental effects of displacement—for example, Colombia’s forced migrants [ 58 ]. The long term impact of forced migration and internal displacement clearly requires further examination.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

The association between post-traumatic stress-related symptoms, resilience, current stress and past exposure to violence: a cross sectional study of the survival of Quechua women in the aftermath of the Peruvian armed conflict

Suarez

2013

Confl Health

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BackgroundThe long lasting resilience of individuals and communities affected by mass violence has not been given equal prominence as their suffering. This has often led to psychosocial interventions in post-conflict zones being unresponsive to local realities and ill-equipped to foster local strengths. Responding to the renewed interest in resilience in the field of violence and health, this study examines the resilience and post-traumatic responses of Indigenous Quechua women in the aftermath of the political violence in Peru (1980–2000).MethodsA cross-sectional study examined the relationship between resilience, post-traumatic responses, exposure to violence during the conflict and current life stress on 151 Quechua women participants. Purposive and convenience sampling strategies were used for recruitment in Ayacucho, the area most exposed to violence. The study instruments were translated to Quechua and Spanish and cross-culturally validated. Data was analyzed using hierarchical regression analysis. A locally informed trauma questionnaire of local idioms of distress was also included in the analysis.FindingsSixty percent of women (n = 91) were recruited from Ayacucho city and the rest from three rural villages; the mean age was 45 years old. Despite high levels of exposure to violence, only 9.3% of the sample presented a level of symptoms that indicated possible PTSD. Resilience did not contribute to the overall variance of post-traumatic stress related symptoms, which was predicted by past exposure to violence, current life stress, age, and schooling (R2 = .421). Resilience contributed instead to the variance of avoidance symptoms (Stand β = −.198, t = −2.595, p = 0.010) while not for re-experiencing or arousal symptoms.ConclusionsThese findings identified some of the pathways in which resilience and post-traumatic responses interrelate in the aftermath of violence; yet, they also point to the complexity of their relationship, which is not fully explained by linear associations, requiring further examination. Age and gender-sensitive health care is considered critical almost fifteen years after the end of the conflict. The notable resilience of Quechua women—despite exposure to a continuum of violence and social inequalities—also calls for enhanced recognition of women not only as victims of violence but also as complex social actors in the reconstruction of post-conflict societies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

The association between post-traumatic stress-related symptoms, resilience, current stress and past exposure to violence: a cross sectional study of the survival of Quechua women in the aftermath of the Peruvian armed conflict

Suarez

2013

Confl Health

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“…Severely distressing or traumatizing experiences in the home community, such as threats or violence by people from one’s immediate environment (Gostin & Roberts, 2015; Riaño-Alcalá, 2008), may destroy interpersonal trust to a degree that encumbers social interaction and the formation of relationships with members of the receiving society. Such problems would clearly impede activities that are necessary for integration.…”

Section: How Perceived Forcedness and Related Perils Affect Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Antecedents of Refugee Integration (PARI)

Echterhoff

Hellmann

Back

et al. 2020

Perspect Psychol Sci

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The successful management of refugee immigration, including refugee integration in host societies, requires a sound understanding of underlying psychological processes. We propose the psychological antecedents of refugee integration (PARI) model, highlighting perceived forcedness (i.e., coercion and loss of control from “push” factors) and ensuing perils (risks and potential suffering during migration) as distinctive factors of refugee (vs. voluntary) migration. According to our model, perceptions and subjective representations of forcedness and associated perils activate specific psychological processes relevant to refugee integration and thus moderate responses to the demands and stressors of the immigration situation. We conceptualize these distinctive influences for integration-relevant processes in both refugees and in residents. By pinpointing the unique features of refugee migration, PARI generates novel and specific hypotheses about psychological processes predicting refugee integration. For instance, refugees’ memories of forcedness and associated perils should lead to a high level of preoccupation with the restoration of basic needs after arrival in a receiving country that interferes with integration-related activities. Conversely, residents’ perceptions of forcedness and related perils may enhance empathy with refugees but may also magnify feelings of anxiety and threat. Implications for refugee integration are discussed for the domains of occupational work, education, and mental health.

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“…Severely distressing or traumatizing experiences in the home community, such as threats or violence by people from one's immediate environment (Gostin & Roberts, 2015;Riaño-Alcalá, 2008), may destroy interpersonal trust to a degree that encumbers social interaction and the formation of relationships with members of the receiving society. Such problems would clearly impede activities necessary for integration.…”

Section: Perceptions and Memories Of Suffering And Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological Antecedents of Refugee Integration (PARI)

Echterhoff¹,

Hellmann²,

Back³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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The successful management of refugee immigration, including refugee integration in host societies, requires a sound understanding of underlying psychological processes. We propose a model of the Psychological Antecedents of Refugee Integration (PARI), highlighting perceived forcedness (i.e., coercion and loss of control from “push” factors) and ensuing perils (risks and potential suffering during migration) as distinctive factors of refugee (vs. voluntary) migration. According to our model, perceptions and subjective representations of forcedness and associated perils activate specific psychological processes relevant to refugee integration and thus moderate responses to the demands and stressor of the immigration situation. We conceptualize these distinctive influences for integration-relevant processes in both refugees and in residents. By pinpointing the unique features of refugee migration, PARI generates novel and specific hypotheses about psychological processes predicting refugee integration. For instance, refugees’ memories of forcedness and associated perils should lead to high preoccupation with the restoration of basic needs after arrival in a receiving country, which interferes with integration-related activities. Conversely, residents’ perceptions of forcedness and related perils may enhance empathy with refugees, but may also magnify feelings of anxiety and threat. Implications for refugee integration are discussed for the domains of occupational work, education, and mental health.

show abstract

Journeys and landscapes of forced migration: Memorializing fear among refugees and internally displaced Colombians

Cited by 31 publications

References 15 publications

The association between post-traumatic stress-related symptoms, resilience, current stress and past exposure to violence: a cross sectional study of the survival of Quechua women in the aftermath of the Peruvian armed conflict

The association between post-traumatic stress-related symptoms, resilience, current stress and past exposure to violence: a cross sectional study of the survival of Quechua women in the aftermath of the Peruvian armed conflict

Psychological Antecedents of Refugee Integration (PARI)

Psychological Antecedents of Refugee Integration (PARI)

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