Jóvenes con derecho a migrar. De la problematización al reconocimiento del sujeto

Abstract

Este artículo analiza los derechos que se les reconocen a los/as adolescentes y jóvenes migrantes en los diferentes momentos de su estancia en el país de recepción y las representaciones e imaginarios existentes sobre ellos, que se legitiman e institucionalizan en discursos políticos, normativas y prácticas. Estas representaciones contrastan con sus propias narrativas que reflejan su capacidad de agencia, de interpretación de su situación y de elaboración y ejecución de un proyecto vital. La metodología cualitativa y participativa empleada ha permitido recoger su voz y sus narrativas en toda su complejidad y riqueza. A partir de sus relatos se puede observar su resiliencia ante las situaciones de dificultad, así como las acciones de resistencia, individuales y colectivas, que articulan para interpelar los dispositivos de control y afrontar los mecanismos de opresión presentes en los contextos de recepción. Se evidencia así la importancia de reconocer la emergencia del actor colectivo, que se construye en los espacios de autorganización de la lucha migrante.

“My Father Put Me in a Patera So I Could Study”: Key Aspects of Socio-Educational Support for Minors Who Migrate Alone

“…The participants' contributions, as socio-educational intervention professionals, bring to light different expectations with regards the future of these migrant minors. The group is recognized as highly resilient and with a great capacity for agency, which accords with the results of recent research [3,54]. Thus, the behavior of the minors is generally considered unproblematic, in contrast to common public perceptions of the group, based on the control and regulation of immigration rather than on children's rights [57].…”

“…The results of this study reveal a group of professionals who are aware of the complexity of the process of integrating minors who migrate alone. As explained by Durán and Muñoz (2020) [3], this complexity is due to, among other factors, the dual status of the subjects in question, who are objects of protection and, at the same time, control, which places them in a process of triple vulnerability: minors without family/adult references, migrants, and having irregular or uncertain administrative situations that limit their access to basic social rights.…”

“…Different works use terms such as "minor under guardianship" and "unaccompanied foreign minors", or MENA. These concepts feature stigmatizing and discriminatory nuances, although they do turn out to be the most used in scientific and legislative documentation [1,2], as well as in the media, which labels them as a problematic group with negative connotations, favoring hate speech [3][4][5]. Currently, the concept of "young people migrating alone" is considered less offensive [6].…”