Judged and Remembered Trustworthiness of Faces Is Enhanced by Experiencing Multisensory Synchrony and Asynchrony in the Right Order

Toscano, Hugo; Schubert, Thomas W.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145664

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…Even though we did not predict this order effect, similar results can be found in previous research (e.g., Tajadura-Jiménez, Lorusso, & Tsakiris, 2013; Toscano & Schubert, 2015). For instance, Toscano and Schubert found that the extent to which a person judges another person’s face as more or less trustworthy as a function of synchrony only changed when the synchronous stimulus occurred before the asynchronous one.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Method Procedure Participants were informed that this was a study on how humans form impressions about others' capacity to start and manage a business. They saw two videos (from Schubert, Toscano, & Waldzus, 2016;Toscano & Schubert, 2015) showing two women walking side-by-side facing forward. Each video lasted approximately 19 s. In order to ensure that movement alone accounted for any differences in participants' responses, the videos were muted, actors did not move their lips, and they kept their facial expressions as neutral as possible.…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Observing Synchrony in Dyads

Marques-Quinteiro

Mata

Simão³

et al. 2019

Social Psychology

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Abstract. This research tested whether observing members of a dyad behave in synchrony influences observers’ expectations and intentions about that dyad. In four studies, participants observed a dyad move in synchrony and were asked to make inferences about them. Results suggest that interpersonal synchrony serves as a social cue, such that observers expect the members of the dyad to work well together. Moreover, synchrony makes observers more likely to want to affiliate with the dyad. These findings shed light on how the social function of synchrony extends beyond the people who experience it to those who observe it.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Observing Synchrony in Dyads

Marques-Quinteiro

Mata

Simão³

et al. 2019

Social Psychology

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show abstract

“…Sometimes, assessments of trustworthiness derive from an elaborate evaluation of the risks involved and the extent to which possible benefits outweigh potential losses [4,5]. Often, trust is intuitive, affect-based and reflecting a 'gut feeling' based on the partner's physical features [6][7][8][9][10]. Across species, such 'gut feeling' may derive from a variety of sources, such as partners' bodily scents (in rodents [11,12]; in humans [13]), posture (in rodents [14]; in humans [15,16,17,18]) and emotional vocalizations (in rodents [19]; in chimpanzees [20]; in humans [21]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pupil-mimicry conditions trust in partners: moderation by oxytocin and group membership

2017

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Across species, oxytocin, an evolutionarily ancient neuropeptide, facilitates social communication by attuning individuals to conspecifics' social signals, fostering trust and bonding. The eyes have an important signalling function; and humans use their salient and communicative eyes to intentionally and unintentionally send social signals to others, by contracting the muscles around their eyes and pupils. In our earlier research, we observed that interaction partners with dilating pupils are trusted more than partners with constricting pupils. But over and beyond this effect, we found that the pupil sizes of partners synchronize and that when pupils synchronously dilate, trust is further boosted. Critically, this linkage between mimicry and trust was bound to interactions between ingroup members. The current study investigates whether these findings are modulated by oxytocin and sex of participant and partner. Using incentivized trust games with partners from ingroup and outgroup whose pupils dilated, remained static or constricted, this study replicates our earlier findings. It further reveals that (i) male participants withhold trust from partners with constricting pupils and extend trust to partners with dilating pupils, especially when given oxytocin rather than placebo; (ii) female participants trust partners with dilating pupils most, but this effect is blunted under oxytocin; (iii) under oxytocin rather than placebo, pupil dilation mimicry is weaker and pupil constriction mimicry stronger; and (iv) the link between pupil constriction mimicry and distrust observed under placebo disappears under oxytocin. We suggest that pupil-contingent trust is parochial and evolved in social species in and because of group life.

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“…Condition sequence. Considering the possible dependency of trust on the sequence of conditions (Toscano & Schubert, 2015), we also ran analyses of variance (ANOVAs) with synchrony and sequence (synchronous before asynchronous, N = 23, vs asynchronous before synchronous, N = 22) on all measures. No significant interaction effect was found, all effects ps > .10.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trust in virtual ingroup or outgroup members relies on perceived self–other overlap

Ma,

Long,

Huang

et al. 2023

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology

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Why do we trust each other? We carried out three experiments to test whether interpersonal trust depends on perceived self-other overlap. As previous studies suggest that enfacing (feeling ownership for, and include more into oneself of the face of) an avatar might make one trust this avatar more, we exposed participants to faces of ingroup and outgroup avatars that moved in synchrony or out of synchrony with the participant’s own facial movements, and assessed the impact of synchrony self-other overlap and trust measures. Experiment 1 used ingroup faces and successfully showed that synchrony (manipulated within-participants) increased self-other overlap and trust, which we assessed by means of the Trust Game and the Implicit Association Test (IAT). In Experiment 2, which used outgroup faces and within-participants design, synchrony still increased scores in the Trust Game but the IAT was no longer affected. Experiment 3 replicated Experiment 2 but with synchrony varying between participants, which eliminated the synchrony effect in both trust measures. Importantly, Inclusion of Other in the Self (IOS) ratings was found to predict the IAT D-score changes, in synchronous conditions. Taken altogether, our findings suggest that interpersonal trust is mainly driven by perceived self-other overlap, besides group identification, appearance, voluntary movement, synchrony is just one potent contributor of several sources contributing to perceived self-other overlap.

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Judged and Remembered Trustworthiness of Faces Is Enhanced by Experiencing Multisensory Synchrony and Asynchrony in the Right Order

Cited by 7 publications

References 44 publications

Observing Synchrony in Dyads

Observing Synchrony in Dyads

Pupil-mimicry conditions trust in partners: moderation by oxytocin and group membership

Trust in virtual ingroup or outgroup members relies on perceived self–other overlap

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