Judgments Concerning the Valence of Inter-Turn Silence Across Speakers of American English, Italian, and Japanese

Roberts, Felicia; Margutti, Piera; Takano, Shoji

doi:10.1080/0163853x.2011.558002

Cited by 71 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…1 shows that as the length of an inter-turn silence increases, ratings of perceived willingness decline. The effect of gap is significant, F(19, 740) ¼ 32.13, p < 0.001, g 2 ¼ 0.300, and is consistent with prior research (Roberts et al, 2006;Roberts et al, 2011).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Thus there is clearly something generalized across cultures in both routine (non-delayed) timing of responsive turns (Stivers et al, 2009) and in negative perception of delays in turn transition (Roberts et al, 2006;Roberts et al, 2011.) The similarity of judgments across languages and cultures suggests that there may be something basically perceptual, not languagespecific, about the assessment of inter-turn silent delays of response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using experimental methods to explore this phenomenon in typologically distinct languages, Roberts et al (2011) found that negative judgments increase with increasing lengths of silence, regardless of language background. Thus there is clearly something generalized across cultures in both routine (non-delayed) timing of responsive turns (Stivers et al, 2009) and in negative perception of delays in turn transition (Roberts et al, 2006;Roberts et al, 2011.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Identifying a temporal threshold of tolerance for silent gaps after requests

Roberts

Francis

2013

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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This study addresses whether there is a threshold, some particular length of silent gap between two speakers' turns, at which negative social attributions emerge. The effect of such inter-turn silence was tested by constructing dialogues where responses to requests were identical and affirmative so that study participants' (n = 380) ratings about “willingness” would be colored by lag time, not semantics. 100 ms intervals between 200 and 1200 ms were tested in a between groups design. There was a notable drop-off in ratings at 600 ms and a statistically significant difference in ratings between 700 and 800 ms.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identifying a temporal threshold of tolerance for silent gaps after requests

Roberts

Francis

2013

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…Participants are hurried on by the fact that slow responses carry semiotic significance -typically conveying reluctance to comply with the expected response [31,32], an inference best avoided by maintaining normal pacing (in addition, processing bottlenecks favor moving as fast as possible [33]). Conversational turn-taking is thus very cognitively demanding, using prediction and early preparation of complex turns to achieve turn-transitions close to the minimal reaction time to a starting gun.…”

Section: The Cognitive Challenge Of Turn-takingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turn-taking in Human Communication – Origins and Implications for Language Processing

Levinson

2016

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

528

451

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“…Corpus analysis shows that gaps of 700 ms or more are associated with dispreferred actions, and that gaps longer than the norm (>300 ms) decrease the likelihood of an unqualified acceptance, and increase the likelihood that a response, be it acceptance or rejection, will have a dispreferred turn format (e.g., Yes, but...in the cases of acceptances; . Experimental work also shows that gaps of 600 ms or longer generate inferences of this unwelcome kind (Roberts et al, 2011).…”

Section: Bmentioning

confidence: 96%

Turn-Taking in Human Communicative Interaction

Holler

Kendrick

Casillas

et al. 2016

Frontiers Research Topics

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The core use of language is in face-to-face conversation. This is characterized by rapid turn-taking. This turn-taking poses a number central puzzles for the psychology of language. Consider, for example, that in large corpora the gap between turns is on the order of 100 to 300 ms, but the latencies involved in language production require minimally between 600ms (for a single word) or 1500 ms (for as simple sentence). This implies that participants in conversation are predicting the ends of the incoming turn and preparing in advance. But how is this done? What aspects of this prediction are done when? What happens when the prediction is wrong? What stops participants coming in too early? If the system is running on prediction, why is there consistently a mode of 100 to 300 ms in response time? The timing puzzle raises further puzzles: it seems that comprehension must run parallel with the preparation for production, but it has been presumed that there are strict cognitive limitations on more than one central process running at a time. How is this bottleneck overcome? Far from being 'easy' as some psychologists have suggested, conversation may be one of the most demanding cognitive tasks in our everyday lives. Further questions naturally arise: how do children learn to master this demanding task, and what is the developmental trajectory in this domain? Research shows that aspects of turn-taking such as its timing are remarkably stable across languages and cultures, but the word order of languages varies enormously. How then does prediction of the incoming turn work when the verb (often the informational nugget in a clause) is at the end? Conversely, how can production work fast enough in languages that have the verb at the beginning, thereby requiring early planning of the whole clause? What happens when one changes modality, as in sign languages -- with the loss of channel constraints is turn-taking much freer? And what about face-to-face communication amongst hearing individuals -- do gestures, gaze, and other body behaviors facilitate turn-taking? One can also ask the phylogenetic question: how did such a system evolve? There seem to be parallels (analogies) in duetting bird species, and in a variety of monkey species, but there is little evidence of anything like this among the great apes. All this constitutes a neglected set of problems at the heart of the psychology of language and of the language sciences. This research topic welcomes contributions from right across the board, for example from psycholinguists, developmental psychologists, students of dialogue and conversation analysis, linguists interested in the use of language, phoneticians, corpus analysts and comparative ethologists or psychologists. We welcome contributions of all sorts, for example original research papers, opinion pieces, and reviews of work in subfields that may not be fully understood in other subfields

show abstract

Judgments Concerning the Valence of Inter-Turn Silence Across Speakers of American English, Italian, and Japanese

Cited by 71 publications

References 35 publications

Identifying a temporal threshold of tolerance for silent gaps after requests

Identifying a temporal threshold of tolerance for silent gaps after requests

Turn-taking in Human Communication – Origins and Implications for Language Processing

Turn-Taking in Human Communicative Interaction

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