Judgments of leadership based upon physiognomic cues.

Mason, Donald J.

doi:10.1037/h0042054

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Their premises about the relation between movement behavior and admission/discharge, however, were wrong. Wallbott's findings concurred with earlier interpretation experiments that unanimously revealed that untrained raters made incorrect judgments about participants' personalities on the basis of observation of gait or on photographs (Eisenberg & Reichline, 1939;Mason, 1957). In this line of research, Frijda (1965) underlined that it was not only important to understand the principles of the meaning of expression but also to explore the principles of the assessment of expression.…”

Section: The Bidirectional Link Between Movement Form and Movement Fusupporting

confidence: 74%

The revised NEUROGES–ELAN system: An objective and reliable interdisciplinary analysis tool for nonverbal behavior and gesture

Lausberg

Sloetjes

2015

Behav Res

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As visual media spread to all domains of public and scientific life, nonverbal behavior is taking its place as an important form of communication alongside the written and spoken word. An objective and reliable method of analysis for hand movement behavior and gesture is therefore currently required in various scientific disciplines, including psychology, medicine, linguistics, anthropology, sociology, and computer science. However, no adequate common methodological standards have been developed thus far. Many behavioral gesture-coding systems lack objectivity and reliability, and automated methods that register specific movement parameters often fail to show validity with regard to psychological and social functions. To address these deficits, we have combined two methods, an elaborated behavioral coding system and an annotation tool for video and audio data. The NEUROGES-ELAN system is an effective and userfriendly research tool for the analysis of hand movement behavior, including gesture, self-touch, shifts, and actions. Since its first publication in 2009 in Behavior Research Methods, the tool has been used in interdisciplinary research projects to analyze a total of 467 individuals from different cultures, including subjects with mental disease and brain damage. Partly on the basis of new insights from these studies, the system has been revised methodologically and conceptually. The article presents the revised version of the system, including a detailed study of reliability. The improved reproducibility of the revised version makes NEUROGES-ELAN a suitable system for basic empirical research into the relation between hand movement behavior and gesture and cognitive, emotional, and interactive processes and for the development of automated movement behavior recognition methods.Keywords Nonverbal behavior . Gesture . Annotation . Coding system . Analysis tool . ReliabilityThe NEUROGES-ELAN System is an analysis tool for nonverbal behavior focusing on body movement and gesture. Apart from behavior analysis per se, it is suited for basic research on cognitive, emotional, and interactive processes via analyzing nonverbal behavior. Since it enables the investigation of processes that are not verbalized, its specific potential lies in the exploration of implicit cognitive, emotional, and interactive processes that may be conducted beyond awareness. The fields of application include psychology, neuropsychology, medicine, evolutionary anthropology, linguistics, and related areas. Furthermore, because NEUROGES-ELAN offers the option to analyze gestures independently of speech, it is suited for linguistic research testing basic paradigms in the relation between speech and gesture. As a highly operationalized analysis tool, it has also been used for developing automatic movement recognition methods. Clinical fields of application are doctor-patient interaction, psychodiagnostics, and consultation/therapy process and outcome control.NEUROGES-ELAN combines the behavioral analysis system NEUROGES with the annot...

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Section: The Bidirectional Link Between Movement Form and Movement Fusupporting

confidence: 74%

The revised NEUROGES–ELAN system: An objective and reliable interdisciplinary analysis tool for nonverbal behavior and gesture

Lausberg

Sloetjes

2015

Behav Res

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“…The naïve raters agreed more among each other than with the dominance rating based upon a questionnaire (Eisenberg, 1937). Similar findings were reported by Mason (1957). 24 untrained raters were asked to judge leadership qualities of 75 candidates based on photographs.…”

Section: Naïve Raters Base Their Judgements On Wrong Premisessupporting

confidence: 60%

“…To summarize, the results of the studies by Eisenberg and Reichline (1939), Mason (1957), and Wallbott (1989) evidence that naïve raters deviate from external objective criteria when assessing personality traits or psychopathology based on movement behaviour. In particular, Wallbott demonstrated that the na-ïve raters "were not 'wildly guessing' " (p. 142) but that they systematically employed specific criteria to assess whether the movement behaviour was from the admission interview or the discharge one.…”

Section: Naïve Raters Base Their Judgements On Wrong Premisesmentioning

confidence: 99%

V. Establishing Interrater Agreement

Lausberg¹

Understanding Body Movement

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“…These interpretation experiments unanimously reveal that naïve raters may agree in their interpretations on movement behaviour, e.g. judging a person's dominance by observing his / her gait, these judgements, however, are wrong with regard to an objective measure (Eisenberg and Reichline, 1939;Mason, 1957;. Therefore, Frijda (1965) proposed that understanding the laws of the assessment of an expression is at least as important as the laws how meaning is expressed (for a detailed discussion see Chapter 12).…”

Section: Some Common Shortcomings In Movement Behaviour Analysis Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the beginning of the last century, Darwin's thoughts and the ideas of the Renaissance had a revival in the expression psychology (e.g. Klages, 1926;Allport & Vernon, 1933;Eisenberg, 1937;Eisenberg & Reichline, 1939;Buytendijk, 1956;Mason, 1957). Physiognomonics, facial expression, gesture, posture, gait, voice, and handwriting were interpreted as expression of affective states or personality (for a more detailed review see Asendorpf & Wallbott, 1982).…”

Section: Cologne August 2013mentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Body Movement

Lausberg¹

2014

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Judgments of leadership based upon physiognomic cues.

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

The revised NEUROGES–ELAN system: An objective and reliable interdisciplinary analysis tool for nonverbal behavior and gesture

The revised NEUROGES–ELAN system: An objective and reliable interdisciplinary analysis tool for nonverbal behavior and gesture

V. Establishing Interrater Agreement

Understanding Body Movement

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