Judgments of learning reveal conscious access to stimulus memorability

Saito, Joseph M.; Kolisnyk, Matthew; Fukuda, Keisuke

doi:10.3758/s13423-022-02166-1

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Future studies are necessary to elucidate the effect of category granularity on memorability. Of equal importance, researchers have questioned whether and to what extent humans have explicit access to memorability (Isola et al, 2014;Saito et al, 2023). To answer this, Experiments 2A and 2B first showed that both ResMem and humans reliably predicted memorability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments 2A and 2B reanalyzed the data collected in Experiments 1A and 2A of Saito et al (2023), respectively. For each experiment, 120 young residents of the United States and Canada (Experiment 2A: 18–31 years old, M age = 24.19, SD = 3.97, n female = 61; Experiment 2A: 18–30 years old, M age = 22.68, SD = 3.13, n female = 91) were recruited through Prolific and received monetary compensation (7.50 £/hr).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Experiments 2A and 2B, we compared access to stimulus-intrinsic memorability between ResMem and human observers. In a recent study, Saito and colleagues demonstrated that human observers could predict the memorability of a given stimulus (Saito et al, 2023). This suggests that humans, like ResMem, can predict interindividual consistency in memory performance.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Given that memorability is composed of multiple factors spanning across perceptual and semantic features of a stimulus (Isola et al, 2014; Kramer et al, 2023; Rust & Mehrpour, 2020), it is possible that ResMem and humans utilized dissociable factors to make memorability predictions. To test this possibility, we examined whether ResMem could predict the subjective memorability judgments that were made by humans in Saito et al (2023). If ResMem and humans rely on overlapping aspects of a stimulus to make their predictions about its memorability, ResMem should be able to predict humans’ memorability judgments.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Deep neural network decodes aspects of stimulus-intrinsic memorability inaccessible to humans.

Zhao,

Kim,

Tang

et al. 2024

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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Some stimuli are more memorable than others. Humans have demonstrated partial access to the properties that make a given stimulus more or less memorable. Recently, a deep neural network named ResMem was shown to successfully decode the memorability of visual stimuli as well. However, it remains unknown whether ResMem's predictions of memorability reflect the influence of stimulus-intrinsic properties or other stimulus-extrinsic factors that are known to induce interindividual consistency in memory performance (e.g., interstimulus similarity). Additionally, it is not clear whether ResMem and humans share access to overlapping properties of memorability. Here, in three experiments, we show that ResMem predicts stimulus-intrinsic memorability independent of stimulus-extrinsic factors, and that it captures aspects of memorability that are inaccessible to human observers. Taken together, our results confirm the multifaceted nature of memorability and establish a method for isolating its aspects that are largely inaccessible to humans. Public Significance StatementSome images are easier to remember than others, making some images more memorable than others consistently across human observers. Previous research has shown that both humans and a pretrained neural network called ResMem can predict image memorability. However, whether humans and ResMem rely on the same aspects of the images in predicting their memorability remains unclear. Our study first demonstrated that ResMem predicted the memorability of images without relying on their interitem similarity among other images. More crucially, we found that humans and ResMem used largely nonoverlapping aspects of images for memorability prediction, suggesting that ResMem can be used to elucidate the aspects of memorability that are not explicitly accessible to humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Deep neural network decodes aspects of stimulus-intrinsic memorability inaccessible to humans.

Zhao,

Kim,

Tang

et al. 2024

Journal of Experimental Psychology: General

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“…People have limited insight into which images are "memorable" or "forgettable" (e.g. Bainbridge et al, 2013;Isola et al, 2013;although see Undorf & Bröder, 2021;Saito et al, 2022), and memorability is independent of mere novelty, arousal, or attention (for a review see Bainbridge, 2019;Bainbridge, 2020;Isola et al, 2011). In fact, memorability has been shown to be a stronger determinant of memory than people's attentional states (Wakeland-Hart et al, 2022), and it may reflect how easy it is to process an image (Goetschalckx et al, 2019;Xie et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memorable beginnings, but forgettable endings: Intrinsic scene memorability alters our subjective experience of time

Gedvila¹,

Ongchoco²,

Bainbridge³

2023

Preprint

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Time is the fabric of experience — yet it is incredibly malleable in the mind of the observer: seeming to drag on, or fly right by at different moments. One of the most influential drivers of temporal distortions is attention, where heightened attention dilates subjective time. But an equally important feature of subjective experience involves not just the objects of attention, but also what information gets tagged to be remembered or forgotten in the first place, independent of attention (i.e. intrinsic image memorability). Here we test how memorability influences time perception. Observers viewed scenes in an oddball paradigm, where the last scene could be a forgettable “oddball” amidst memorable ones, or vice versa. Subjective time dilation occurred only for forgettable oddballs, but not memorable ones — demonstrating an oddball effect where the oddball did not differ in low-level visual features, image category, or even subjective memorability. But more importantly, these results emphasize how memory can interact with temporal experience: forgettable endings amidst memorable sequences dilate our experience of time.

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Metamemory: An update of critical findings

Schwartz,

Metcalfe

2023

Reference Module in Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Psychology

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Judgments of learning reveal conscious access to stimulus memorability

Abstract: The data, stimuli, and experimental codes are posted publicly at the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/qrxs3/).

Cited by 11 publications

References 42 publications

Deep neural network decodes aspects of stimulus-intrinsic memorability inaccessible to humans.

Deep neural network decodes aspects of stimulus-intrinsic memorability inaccessible to humans.

Memorable beginnings, but forgettable endings: Intrinsic scene memorability alters our subjective experience of time

Metamemory: An update of critical findings

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