Judicial use of episiotomy in singleton normal vaginal deliveries at term: the changing trend

Malik, Jyoti; Das, Subhraleena; Das, Ashima; Rai, Pinki

doi:10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20160604

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rectal versus Oral Diclofenac Sodium in Relieving Post-Episiotomy Pain: Randomized Controlled Study

Hosny,

ElNashaar,

Abdel Mageed

2023

Evidence Based Women's Health Journal

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Background & Aim: Perineal pain can be caused by surgical (episiotomy) and spontaneous trauma and lacerations after vaginal birth. Episiotomies represent one form of trauma and are equivalent to a second-degree laceration that affects the mucosa and perineal muscles. Generally, there are many methods for treatment of such pain either with pharmacological agents or non-pharmacological agents. This study aimed to compare between rectal versus oral diclofenac sodium in relieving post episiotomy pain. Materials and Methods: A total of 184 women underwent episiotomy were enrolled in the study. Those women were randomly subdivided intro rectal group where women received 100 mg rectal diclofenac sodium and oral group where women received 100 mg oral diclofenac sodium. Need to rescue analgesia, visual analogue scale and patient's satisfaction were recorded. Results: Both groups had insignificant difference as regard baseline data. But it was found that rectal group had low frequency of rescue analgesia (1.1% vs. 8.7%; p= 0.01), lower visual analogue scale at different time of assessment up to 24-hour after repair (p< 0.001), no side effects and better satisfaction in comparison to the oral group. In this study, a total of 25 (27.2%) women in the oral different side effects in form of epigastric pain and vomiting. Conclusion: Rectal diclofenac had better analgesic effects and minor upper gastrointestinal adverse effects were less frequently reported for post-perineal repair pain after episiotomy. Similar studies are needed among larger population and in different geopolitical zones to confirm any link to regional or ethnic variation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rectal versus Oral Diclofenac Sodium in Relieving Post-Episiotomy Pain: Randomized Controlled Study

Hosny,

ElNashaar,

Abdel Mageed

2023

Evidence Based Women's Health Journal

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“…Episiotomy is a surgical incision in the perineal region, which aims at increasing the vaginal diameter during delivery (1)(2)(3)(4). Episiotomy mainly is to prevent severe perineal tears and facilitate delivery (5)(6)(7)(8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Olea Herbal Ointment on Episiotomy Wound Healing Among Primiparous Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Torkashvand¹,

Jafarzadeh-Kenarsari

Donyaei-Mobarrez

et al. 2021

Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod

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Background: Episiotomy is a surgical incision in the perineal region to increase the vaginal diameter during delivery. Since the perineal region is not well visible to the mothers and there is a possibility of infection for the episiotomy wound by vaginal and rectal bacteria, such a cut is associated with infection and delay in wound healing. Objectives: This study aimed to detect the effect of Olea ointment on episiotomy wound healing among primiparous women. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial included 73 women referring to the Al-Zahra educational, research, and remedial center in Rasht, Iran, during 2017 - 18. Women were randomly assigned into two groups: Intervention group (n = 39) and control group (n = 34). Episiotomy wound healing was assessed using the REEDA scale prior to the intervention, 2 and 24 hours following the first intervention, and 5 and 10 days after delivery. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, independent t-test, repeated-measure test, Friedman test, and chi-square. Results: The mean baseline scores of REEDA was 2.72 ± 0.46 in the Olea ointment group and 2.71 ± 0.46 in the control group; however, there no statistically significant difference between the two groups. On the other hand, the episiotomy healing scores in the Olea ointment group were significantly lower than those of the control group at four intervals in the follow-up assessments: -0.34 (95% CI: -0.56 to -0.12) two hours after intervention, -0.63(95% CI: -0.89 to -0.37) 24 hours after intervention, -0.30 (95% CI: -0.48 to -0.12) on Day 5 postpartum, and -0.29 (95% CI: -0.46 to -0.13) on Day 10 postpartum. Conclusions: The present findings suggested that the Olea ointment facilitated wound healing episiotomy; however, further studies are suggested to support these data.

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“…Episiotomy is defined as perineal incisions in the second stage of labor which is performed for facilitation and shortening of the duration of the second stage of delivery, preventing possible damages to perineum, and pelvic organs, sexual dysfunctions, and severe perineal tears. [123456] In fact, episiotomy is counted as the second most common surgical experiment during delivery after cutting down of the umbilical cord. [7]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of olea ointment on post-episiotomy pain severity in primiparous women: A paralleled randomized controlled clinical trial

Jafarzadeh-Kenarsari

Torkashvand²,

Gholami-Chaboki

et al. 2019

Iranian J Nursing Midwifery Res

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Background: Episiotomy is the most commonly performed surgical procedure during delivery, and its associated pain is a major problem in obstetrics. This study aimed to determine the effect of Olea ointment on the severity of post-episiotomy pain in primiparous women. Materials and Methods: This paralleled randomized controlled clinical trial was performed on 73 primiparous women in Al-Zahra hospital in Rasht, Iran in 2017-2018. Women were randomly allocated into intervention ( n = 39) and control ( n = 34) groups. The first intervention was performed 4 h after the episiotomy. This continued every 8 h for 10 days. The pain intensity of episiotomy was assessed by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before intervention, 2 and 24 h after the beginning of intervention, and 5 and 10 days after childbirth. Descriptive and inferential statistics (Mann-Whitney, Fisher exact test, Independent t -test, Friedman test, and Chi-square) were performed for statistical analysis. Results: There were no significant differences among two groups in terms of demographic and obstetrics characteristics. The severity of pain in intervention and control group before the intervention was not statistically significant, but the variable depicted a meaningful difference between the groups 2 h after the intervention (U = 483.50, p = 0.021), 24 h after the intervention (U = 489.50, p = 0.019), as well as the 5 th day (U = 112.50, p < 0.001) and 10 th day postpartum (U = 136.50, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Based on the findings, Olea ointment could be used effectively for reducing of episiotomy pain. Similar studies are recommended.

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Judicial use of episiotomy in singleton normal vaginal deliveries at term: the changing trend

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Rectal versus Oral Diclofenac Sodium in Relieving Post-Episiotomy Pain: Randomized Controlled Study

Rectal versus Oral Diclofenac Sodium in Relieving Post-Episiotomy Pain: Randomized Controlled Study

Effectiveness of Olea Herbal Ointment on Episiotomy Wound Healing Among Primiparous Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial

The effect of olea ointment on post-episiotomy pain severity in primiparous women: A paralleled randomized controlled clinical trial

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