In this paper, we present a portrait of inclusive education policies in Special Education. We analyze the scientific production, education policies and the current educational reality, considering the 16 years of the National Special Education Policy from the Perspective of Inclusive Education. In methodological terms, we analyzed federal documents and the School Census produced by the National Institute of Educational Studies and Research Anísio Teixeira (INEP), as well as the scientific production of the Revista Brasileira de Educação Especial (RBEE). The findings were compared with qualitative data produced in education networks that are part of the Permanent Special Education Forum from the perspective of Inclusive Education in Baixada e Sul Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The results indicate a set of challenges in guaranteeing Inclusive Education within the scope of Special Education: setbacks in offering educational support, weaknesses in intersectoral policies/programs, educational inequity and theoretical and practical problems in the conception of Inclusive Education in Special Education.