Juggled interferometer for the detection of gravitational waves around 0.1–10 Hz

Friedrich, Daniel; Nakano, Masayuki; Kawamura, Hiroshi; Yamanaka, Y.; Kawamura, Seiji

doi:10.1088/0264-9381/31/24/245006

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…They focus largely on the astrophysical sources in their sensitivity band. Although their optimistic estimate of performance was excellent at low frequency, it relied upon the use of a freely floating test mass, a technology that has only been proposed and has no further development so far [20]. The conservative estimate they make is similar to the one we reach here, without focusing on the technical details needed to reach that.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

LION :Laser Interferometer On the mooN

Amaro-Seoane,

Bischof,

Carter

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Gravitational wave astronomy has now left its infancy and has become an important tool for probing the most violent phenomena in our universe. The LIGO/Virgo-KAGRA collaboration operates ground based detectors which cover the frequency band from 10 Hz to the kHz regime. Meanwhile, the pulsar timing array and the soon to launch LISA mission will cover frequencies below 0.1 Hz, leaving a gap in detectable gravitational wave frequencies. Here we show how a Laser Interferometer On the mooN (LION) gravitational wave detector would be sensitive to frequencies from sub Hz to kHz. We find that the sensitivity curve is such that LION can measure compact binaries with masses between 10 and 100 M at cosmological distances, with redshifts as high as z = 100 and beyond, depending on the spin and the mass ratio of the binaries. LION can detect binaries of compact objects with higher-masses, with very large signal-to-noise ratios, help us to understand how supermassive black holes got their colossal masses on the cosmological landscape, and it can observe in detail intermediate-mass ratio inspirals at distances as large as at least 100 Gpc. Compact binaries that never reach the LIGO/Virgo sensitivity band can spend significant amounts of time in the LION band, while sources present in the LISA band can be picked up by the detector and observed until their final merger. Since LION covers the deci-Hertz regime with such large signal-to-noise ratios, it truly achieves the dream of multi messenger astronomy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

LION :Laser Interferometer On the mooN

Amaro-Seoane,

Bischof,

Carter

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…Instruments that measure the acceleration are called gravimeters. A test mass inside a gravimeter can be freely falling such as atom clouds (Zhou et al 2011) or, as suggested as possible future development, even macroscopic objects (Friedrich et al 2014). Typically though, test masses are supported mechanically or magnetically constraining motion in some of its degrees of freedom.…”

Section: Gravity Acceleration and Tidal Forcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial gravity fluctuations

Harms

2019

Living Rev Relativ

133

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Terrestrial gravity fluctuations are a target of scientific studies in a variety of fields within geophysics and fundamental-physics experiments involving gravity such as the observation of gravitational waves. In geophysics, these fluctuations are typically considered as signal that carries information about processes such as fault ruptures and atmospheric density perturbations. In fundamental-physics experiments, it appears as environmental noise, which needs to be avoided or mitigated. This article reviews the current state-of-the-art of modeling high-frequency terrestrial gravity fluctuations and of gravity-noise mitigation strategies. It hereby focuses on frequencies above about 50 mHz, which allows us to simplify models of atmospheric gravity perturbations (beyond Brunt-Väisälä regime) and it guarantees as well that gravitational forces on elastic media can be treated as perturbation. Extensive studies have been carried out over the past two decades to model contributions from seismic and atmospheric fields especially by the gravitational-wave community. While terrestrial gravity fluctuations above 50 mHz have not been observed conclusively yet, sensitivity of instruments for geophysical observations and of gravitational-wave detectors is improving, and we can expect first observations in the coming years. The next challenges include the design of gravity-noise mitigation systems to be implemented in current gravitational-wave detectors, and further improvement of models for future gravitational-wave detectors where terrestrial gravity noise will play a more important role. Also, many aspects of the recent proposition to use a new generation of gravity sensors to improve real-time earthquake early-warning systems still require detailed analyses.

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“…Instruments that measure the acceleration are called gravimeters. A test mass inside a gravimeter can be freely falling such as atom clouds [181] or, as suggested as possible future development, even macroscopic objects [72]. Typically though, test masses are supported mechanically or magnetically constraining motion in some of its degrees of freedom.…”

Section: Gravity Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial Gravity Fluctuations

Harms

2015

Living Rev Relativ

139

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Different forms of fluctuations of the terrestrial gravity field are observed by gravity experiments. For example, atmospheric pressure fluctuations generate a gravity-noise foreground in measurements with super-conducting gravimeters. Gravity changes caused by high-magnitude earthquakes have been detected with the satellite gravity experiment GRACE, and we expect high-frequency terrestrial gravity fluctuations produced by ambient seismic fields to limit the sensitivity of ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors. Accordingly, terrestrial gravity fluctuations are considered noise and signal depending on the experiment. Here, we will focus on ground-based gravimetry. This field is rapidly progressing through the development of GW detectors. The technology is pushed to its current limits in the advanced generation of the LIGO and Virgo detectors, targeting gravity strain sensitivities better than 10−23 Hz−1/2 above a few tens of a Hz. Alternative designs for GW detectors evolving from traditional gravity gradiometers such as torsion bars, atom interferometers, and superconducting gradiometers are currently being developed to extend the detection band to frequencies below 1 Hz. The goal of this article is to provide the analytical framework to describe terrestrial gravity perturbations in these experiments. Models of terrestrial gravity perturbations related to seismic fields, atmospheric disturbances, and vibrating, rotating or moving objects, are derived and analyzed. The models are then used to evaluate passive and active gravity noise mitigation strategies in GW detectors, or alternatively, to describe their potential use in geophysics. The article reviews the current state of the field, and also presents new analyses especially with respect to the impact of seismic scattering on gravity perturbations, active gravity noise cancellation, and time-domain models of gravity perturbations from atmospheric and seismic point sources. Our understanding of terrestrial gravity fluctuations will have great impact on the future development of GW detectors and high-precision gravimetry in general, and many open questions need to be answered still as emphasized in this article.

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Juggled interferometer for the detection of gravitational waves around 0.1–10 Hz

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

LION :Laser Interferometer On the mooN

LION :Laser Interferometer On the mooN

Terrestrial gravity fluctuations

Terrestrial Gravity Fluctuations

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