Jugular venous emboli of brain tissue induced in sheep by the use of captive bolt guns

Anil, M.H.; Helps, CR; McKinstry, J.L.; Brown, S. N.; Philips, A.; Harbour, D. A.; Love, S.; Williams, S.N.; Shand, Alan G.; Bakırel, Tülay

doi:10.1136/vr.148.20.619

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Nevertheless, potential problems associated with this type of gun, such as the frequent recovery before sticking, need to be resolved (EFSA, 2004). The use of electrical stunning seems to be another safer option (Anil et al, 2001). This method is used in different countries, namely New Zealand, Australia and the United Kingdom (Wotton, Gregory, Whittington, & Parkman, 2000); however, its high cost and some doubts about animal welfare associated with the ineffective use of this method need to be addressed (Heim, Löpfe, Mumford, & Speedy, 2007).…”

Section: Cattle Stunningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors and Control Measures for Bacterial Contamination in the Bovine Meat Chain: A Review on Salmonella and Pathogenic E.coli

Niyonzima¹,

Ongol²,

Kimonyo³

et al. 2015

JFR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Salmonella and pathogenic Escherichia coli are known to be the major bacterial agents responsible for human foodborne infections attributable to meat. A review of the specialized literature was carried out to identify the risk factors for bovine meat contamination by these pathogens from the cattle farm to meat consumption. Animal stress during transport to the slaughterhouse and the duration of the lairage period were identified as the key factors influencing the faecal excretion of Salmonella and pathogenic E. coli as well as cattle contamination prior to slaughter. At the abattoir level, hides and visceral contents appear to be the main sources of pathogenic bacteria that contaminate carcasses along the meat production chain. Finally, temperature abuses during distribution and meat contamination by infected handlers were found to be important contributors to the post-slaughter contamination of bovine meat. The findings of this study indicate that efficient management of human food borne infections attributable to bovine meat requires an integrated application of control measures involving all actors along the meat chain, namely slaughterhouses, meat processing plants, distributors and consumers.

show abstract

Section: Cattle Stunningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors and Control Measures for Bacterial Contamination in the Bovine Meat Chain: A Review on Salmonella and Pathogenic E.coli

Niyonzima¹,

Ongol²,

Kimonyo³

et al. 2015

JFR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Venous blood from the head of CB stunned cattle and sheep has been shown to contain small brain emboli (≥5 μ m), as well as a CNS specific protein, syntaxin 1B (Anil et al. 1999; Anil et al. 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of a marked strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens to model the spread of brain tissue to the musculature of cattle after shooting with a captive bolt gun

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aims: The aim of this study was to use a marked strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens to model the spread of central nervous system (CNS) tissue in cattle following captive bolt stunning. Methods and Results: The marked organism was introduced by injection through the captive bolt aperture immediately after stunning and was subsequently detected in a wide range of derived tissues, including blood, organs, and the musculature of the entire forequarters of test animals. This was dependent on the use of high concentrations of the organism that were recovered sufficiently and rapidly to minimize the bactericidal properties of the circulatory system. These results suggest that a marked organism could potentially be used to model the effects of captive bolt stunning on the dissemination of CNS tissue from the brain. Conclusions:These results indicate that current commercial methods of captive bolt stunning may induce widespread and significant mobilization of CNS tissue within beef carcasses. This may lead to the widespread dissemination of such materials within meat destined for human consumption. Significance and Impact of the Study: In the absence of rapid, simple and sufficiently sensitive methods for the direct detection of prion in commercially slaughtered animals, marked organisms can provide useful models in studies of the dissemination kinetics of prion disease in captive bolt stunned animals.

show abstract

“…Several studies have reported that no CNS tissue was detected in either aortic or venous blood samples collected from cattle or sheep after using these two devices. [48][49][50] However, other studies have detected brain tissue in venous blood samples from stunned cattle, [55] and on the surface of beef carcasses [43] after non-penetrating stunning. There also is an increased risk to operators as some animals may be inadequately stunned with non-penetrating stunning and recover their consciousness during slaughtering.…”

Section: Non-penetrative Stunningmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…[54] However, the use of pneumatic-powered stunners and cartridge-fired stunners produced visible CNS clots in 12 and 1% of the cattle heart samples, respectively. [51] In addition, after using this type of stunner, CNS tissue was detected in the jugular venous blood from sheep, [49,50] in venous blood from cattle, [55] in bovine pulmonary arterial system, [56] and on the surface of beef carcasses. [43] In a study designed to trace the spread of CNS tissue in the cattle body after stunning with a cartridge-fired stunner, a marker microorganism, Pseudomonas fluorescens, was inoculated into the bovine brain via the stunning procedure.…”

Section: Penetrative Stunning Without Air Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[44] Studies have also found that an air-injection stunner forced visible pieces of CNS tissue into the circulatory system of stunned cattle and sheep. [46,47] This device has been shown to cause the formation of grossly visible brain tissue in the left and right branches of the main pulmonary artery in 2.5-5% of cattle, [46] in the jugular venous blood of cattle and sheep, [48][49][50] and in the aortic blood from sheep. [47] Particles of brain tissue as large as 20 µm in diameter can pass through the ovine pulmonary capillary network and enter the systemic arterial circulation during stunning, suggesting that this technique could easily disperse PrP Sc throughout the edible carcass.…”

Section: Penetrative Stunning With Air Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Spread and Control of Prion Diseases in the Food and Feed Chains

Rao¹,

Hsieh²

2016

Significance, Prevention and Control of Food Related Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Prion diseases, or transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), are a group of chronic, progressive, and fatal neurodegenerative disorders that affect a variety of mammalian species. This chapter discusses the issues raised by two foodborne prion diseases, namely bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), particularly those related to their spread in cattle and humans, the contamination of specified risk material (SRM) in meat, the relevant regulations, and appropriate detection methods for surveillance.

show abstract

Jugular venous emboli of brain tissue induced in sheep by the use of captive bolt guns

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

Risk Factors and Control Measures for Bacterial Contamination in the Bovine Meat Chain: A Review on Salmonella and Pathogenic E.coli

Risk Factors and Control Measures for Bacterial Contamination in the Bovine Meat Chain: A Review on Salmonella and Pathogenic E.coli

The use of a marked strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens to model the spread of brain tissue to the musculature of cattle after shooting with a captive bolt gun

Spread and Control of Prion Diseases in the Food and Feed Chains

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About