Juice-Extracted Grass Pellets and Sodium Bicarbonate for Cows in Midlactation Fed Timothy Grass Silage

Orozco-Hernandez, J. R.; Brisson, G. J.; Girard, Vincent

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(94)77309-4

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 24 publications

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“…In the current study, the ruminal degradation of NDF was 71.5 and 80.0%. This is in line with Orozco-Hernandez et al (1994) who reported ruminal NDF degradation rates up to 80%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) : a forgotten crop for dairy cows with future potential

Huyen¹

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In Chapter 3, reticular fatty acid (FA) flow and ruminal BH of C18:3n-3 is reported using the reticular sampling technique (Cr-EDTA and Yb-acetate as digesta flow markers) in the lactating cows fed the SAIN and CON diet in Chapter 2. The reticular flows of DM, OM and N were not affected by dietary treatment. However, NDF flow was higher (1.87 vs. 1.40 kg/d) where the cows were fed the SAIN diet. A higher mono-unsaturated FA flow was caused by the higher trans-9-C18:1 and cis-9-C18:1 flow for the SAIN compared to the CON fed cows. The flows of trans-9,trans-12-C18:2 and cis-12,trans-10 C18:2 were higher in the SAIN diet fed cows, but total poly-unsaturated FA flow was not affected by the different diet treatments. The SAIN diet fed cows had a significant lower ruminal BH of cis-9-C18:1 and C18:3n-3, compared to the CON fed cows and tended to a lower ruminal BH in case of cis-9,cis-12-C18:2. These results show that inclusion of sainfoin silage at the expense of grass silage in dairy cow rations reduces ruminal BH of dietary cis-9-C18:1 and C18:3n-3. The effects of replacing grass silage by sainfoin silage in a TMR on milk production and FA in milk fat of the dairy cows in Chapter 2 is reported in Chapter 4. Milk yield reported in Chapter 4 was highest for the SAIN diet with every kg of OM digested of the SAIN diet resulting, on average, in 0.2 kg more milk production. The SAIN diet fed cows had a higher C18:3n-3 and cis-9,cis-12-C18:2 proportion in milk fat compared to the CON diet fed cows. A higher proportion of total trans-C18:1 was found in the cows fed the SAIN diet. There were no differences in proportion of total saturated and unsaturated FA in milk fat between the two diets. Our results showed that replacing grass silage by sainfoin silage improved milk yield and milk FA profile of dairy cows. Effects of the structural properties of CT, i.e. average polymer size (or mean degree of polymerization, mDP); percentage of cis flavan-3-ols (%cis) and percentage of prodelphinidins (%PD) in CT extracts on CH 4 production and fermentation characteristics of rumen fluid using an in vitro gas production technique was investigated in Chapter 5. Extracts of CT from eight plants; black currant leaves, goat willow leaves, goat willow twigs, pine bark, red currant leaves, sainfoin plants, weeping willow catkins and white clover flowers were extracted, in order to obtain CT with a wide range in mDP, %PD and %cis. All CT extracts reduced CH 4 concentration, decreased the maximum rate of fermentation for CH 4 production and rate of substrate degradation. The correlation between CT structure on the one hand and CH 4 production and fermentation characteristics on the other hand showed that the %PD within CT had the largest effect on fermentation characteristics, followed by mDP and %cis. Chapter 6 reports results of an in vitro study to investigate the effects of the structural properties CT (mDP, %cis and %PD) on rumen fermentation and BH end-products. The total volatile FA (VFA), ammonia concentration and the proportion of bra...

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“…In the current study, the ruminal degradation of NDF was 71.5 and 80.0%. This is in line with Orozco-Hernandez et al (1994) who reported ruminal NDF degradation rates up to 80%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) : a forgotten crop for dairy cows with future potential

Huyen¹

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Juice-Extracted Grass Pellets and Sodium Bicarbonate for Cows Fed Timothy Silage of Two Chop Lengths

Orozco-Hernandez

Brisson

Girard

1995

Journal of Dairy Science

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Eighteen multiparous Holstein cows in midlactation were used in a switchback design trial to evaluate the effect of chop length (3 or 30 mm) of timothy grass silage, containing less than 30% ADF and treated with formic acid, on DMI and cow performance. Within chop length, addition of NaHCO3 (2% of DMI) or the replacement of 30% of silage DM with juice-extracted grass pellets was also evaluated. Cows were fed a TMR composed of 90% silage and 10% concentrate. Silage preservation characteristics were not different between chop lengths. The DMI and apparent digestibility were similar among treatments. Yields of 4% FCM (24.9 vs. 22.7 kg/d), fat (1.03 vs. .93 kg/d), and protein (.83 vs .77 kg/d) were higher with the short chopped silage. Milk protein, milk NPN content, and serum urea were higher for cows fed long chopped silage. Yields of milk and milk constituents were not affected by the addition of juice-extracted grass pellets or NaHCO3. Fat percentage and fatty acid composition of milk remained unchanged by treatments. Reduction of particle size, from 30 to 3 mm, of timothy grass, treated with formic acid at harvest and using compaction at ensiling in bag silos, did not affect silage conservation characteristics but did improve milk, fat, and protein yields when cows were fed high silage diets.

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Creating a System for Meeting the Fiber Requirements of Dairy Cows

Mertens

1997

Journal of Dairy Science

1,143

908

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Current NRC recommendations for dairy cattle provide limited guidance to nutritionists for meeting the fiber and carbohydrate needs of lactating cows. The NRC provide only minimum recommendations for fiber and no accommodation for factors such as physical effectiveness of fiber, interactions with nonfibrous carbohydrates, or animal attributes, which can affect the optimality of dairy rations. To be an improvement, any new system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows must be based on 1) feed characteristics that can be defined and preferably be determined quantitatively using routine laboratory methods and 2) animal requirements that correspond to critical feed characteristics and vary with feeding situation, ration composition, and attributes of the animal. Published data were used to develop coefficients for defining the physical effectiveness or roughage value of feeds and the fiber requirements of dairy cows. Information in this paper is intended to provide practical guidelines for improving current fiber recommendations and to serve as an idealized framework for future research on meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows. The system is based on NDF as the measure of total chemical fiber in feeds. Adjustments for the effectiveness of NDF in maintaining milk fat production and optimizing ruminal fermentation are based on the particle size and inherent characteristics of NDF that affect chewing activity, ruminal pH, and milk fat production.

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Juice-Extracted Grass Pellets and Sodium Bicarbonate for Cows in Midlactation Fed Timothy Grass Silage

Cited by 5 publications

References 24 publications

Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) : a forgotten crop for dairy cows with future potential

Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) : a forgotten crop for dairy cows with future potential

Juice-Extracted Grass Pellets and Sodium Bicarbonate for Cows Fed Timothy Silage of Two Chop Lengths

Creating a System for Meeting the Fiber Requirements of Dairy Cows

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