Jump and Change of Direction Speed Asymmetry Using Smartphone Apps: Between-Session Consistency and Associations With Physical Performance

Abstract

Jump and change of direction speed asymmetry using smartphone apps: between-session consistency and associations with physical performance.

Unilateral or Bilateral Standing Broad Jumps: Which Jump Type Provides Inter-Limb Asymmetries with a Higher Reliability?

“…Our results revealed that the different inter-limb asymmetry variables obtained from both the unilateral and bilateral SBJ variants reported poor between-sessions reliability not only due to the differences in the magnitude of asymmetry, but also due to the high inconsistency in the direction of asymmetry (see Figure 3 and 4). These results are partially in line with the findings of Bishop et al (2020b) who found fair levels of agreement for the reactive strength unilateral DJ asymmetries (kappa = 0.25) and jump height unilateral CMJ asymmetries (kappa = 0.29), but substantial levels of agreement for the jump height unilateral DJ asymmetries (kappa = 0.72). At the same time, our results are in disagreement with another study of Bishop et al (2019) who observed fair to substantial levels of agreement for the unilateral isometric squat asymmetries (kappa range = 0.29 to 0.64), substantial levels of agreement for the unilateral CMJ asymmetries (kappa range = 0.64 to 0.66), and fair to moderate levels of agreement for the unilateral DJ asymmetries (kappa range = 0.36 to 0.56).…”

“…At the same time, our results are in disagreement with another study of Bishop et al (2019) who observed fair to substantial levels of agreement for the unilateral isometric squat asymmetries (kappa range = 0.29 to 0.64), substantial levels of agreement for the unilateral CMJ asymmetries (kappa range = 0.64 to 0.66), and fair to moderate levels of agreement for the unilateral DJ asymmetries (kappa range = 0.36 to 0.56). Therefore, the present study adds evidence to the variable nature of inter-limb asymmetries not only depending on the metrics and tasks (Bishop et al, 2017;2018a;, but also for the same metric and task when the measurement is repeated a week apart (Bishop et al, 2019(Bishop et al, , 2020b. Practitioners are encouraged to establish the between-session reliability of inter-limb asymmetries over repeated sessions, in order to identify any consistency in the direction and magnitude of the asymmetry, before classifying the athlete's profile as asymmetrical (Virgile and Bishop, 2021).…”

“…Bishop et al (2019) reported a fair to substantial (kappa range = 0.29 to 0.64), substantial (kappa range = 0.64 to 0.66), and fair to moderate (kappa range = 0.36 to 0.56) levels of agreement for the direction of unilateral isometric squat asymmetries (peak force and impulse), unilateral CMJ asymmetries (jump height and peak force), and unilateral DJ asymmetries (jump height and reactive strength index), respectively. Bishop et al (2020b) also observed substantial (kappa = 0.72) levels of agreement for asymmetries in unilateral DJ height, but fair (kappa range = 0.25 to 29) levels of agreement for the asymmetries in reactive strength during the unilateral DJ and jump height during the unilateral CMJ. Finally, another study (Bishop et al, 2020a) observed poor levels of agreement (Kappa range = -0.15 to -0.07) when comparing interlimb asymmetries (mean force, eccentric impulse, and concentric impulse) between the unilateral and bilateral CMJ variants within the same session.…”

“…In this regard, Bishop et al (2020c) found that the levels of agreement for the direction of unilateral CMJ (jump height and concentric impulse) and unilateral DJ asymmetries (jump height and reactive strength) were poor to substantial (kappa range = -0.10 to 0.78) through the season (pre-session, mid-season, and end of season) in male academy soccer players. More importantly, other studies (Bishop et al, 2019(Bishop et al, , 2020b have explored the consistency of inter-limb asymmetry between sessions separated by 2-3 days. Bishop et al (2019) reported a fair to substantial (kappa range = 0.29 to 0.64), substantial (kappa range = 0.64 to 0.66), and fair to moderate (kappa range = 0.36 to 0.56) levels of agreement for the direction of unilateral isometric squat asymmetries (peak force and impulse), unilateral CMJ asymmetries (jump height and peak force), and unilateral DJ asymmetries (jump height and reactive strength index), respectively.…”

“…Based on previous findings observed on other jumping-based tasks (Benjanuvatra et al, 2013;Maloney et al, 2018), it was hypothesized that the reliability of single-leg performance variables would be higher for the unilateral SBJ compared to the bilateral SBJ. However, given that the consistency of the inter-limb asymmetries has been shown to be affected by the metric and exercise evaluated (Bishop et al, 2019(Bishop et al, , 2020b, no specific hypothesis was formulated regarding the comparison of the reliability of inter-limb asymmetries between the unilateral and bilateral SBJs.…”