Jumping to perceptions and to conclusions: Specificity to hallucinations and delusions

Bristow, Eleonore; Tabraham, Paul; Smedley, Nicola; Ward, Thomas; Peters, Emmanuelle

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2014.02.004

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Our findings showing a range of cognitive impairment in patients are in line with previous literature ( Reichenberg and Harvey, 2007 ). Our study, however, did not show a significant JTC bias or a significant verbal fluency deficit in patients, most likely because our patient sample was stable with relatively lower scores on relevant symptoms, such as delusions ( Garety and Freeman, 2013 , Bristow et al, 2014 ) and we assessed only phonemic fluency in which schizophrenia patients are generally less impaired than semantic fluency ( Bokat and Goldberg, 2003 ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Effects of environmental noise on cognitive (dys)functions in schizophrenia: A pilot within-subjects experimental study

Wright

Peters

Ettinger

et al. 2016

Schizophrenia Research

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Cognitive impairment, particularly in attention, memory and executive function domains, is commonly present and associated with poor functional outcomes in schizophrenia. In healthy adults, environmental noise adversely affects many cognitive domains, including those known to be compromised in schizophrenia. This pilot study examined whether environmental noise causes further cognitive deterioration in a small sample of people with schizophrenia. Eighteen outpatients with schizophrenia on stable doses of antipsychotics and 18 age and sex-matched healthy participants were assessed on a comprehensive cognitive battery including measures of psychomotor speed, attention, executive functioning, working memory, and verbal learning and memory under three different conditions [quiet: ~ 30 dB(A); urban noise: building site noise, 68–78 dB(A); and social noise: background babble and footsteps from a crowded hall without any discernible words, 68–78 dB(A)], 7–14 days apart, with counter-balanced presentation of noise conditions across participants of both groups. The results showed widespread cognitive impairment in patients under all conditions, and noise-induced impairments of equal magnitude on specific cognitive functions in both groups. Both patient and healthy participant groups showed significant disruption of delayed verbal recall and recognition by urban and social noise, and of working memory by social noise, relative to the quiet condition. Performance under urban and social noise did not differ significantly from each other for any cognitive measure in either group. We conclude that noise has adverse effects on the verbal and working memory domains in schizophrenia patients and healthy participants. This may be particularly problematic for patients as it worsens their pre-existing cognitive deficits.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

Effects of environmental noise on cognitive (dys)functions in schizophrenia: A pilot within-subjects experimental study

Wright

Peters

Ettinger

et al. 2016

Schizophrenia Research

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“…We found significant group differences when considering individual cognitive biases subscales, F (3,196) Post-hoc Bonferroni comparisons revealed that two cognitive biases differentiated between the high DLEs and low DLEs groups, i.e. the high DLEs participants scored significantly higher on catastrophisation (P = 0.03) and JTC (P < 0.001).…”

Section: Group Differences In Cognitive Biasesmentioning

confidence: 85%

A comparison of cognitive biases between schizophrenia patients with delusions and healthy individuals with delusion-like experiences

Gawęda

Starowicz-Filip

2015

Eur. psychiatr.

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“…In this account prior experiences are combined with observed sensory data within a hierarchical neural system to reduce perceptual errors (Sterzer et al, 2018). In effect the decision about whether an experience is real or imagined arises from a combination of: i) the quality of the sensory data that people are relying on which can be degraded owing to perceptual impairments as is obviously the case for people with eye disease; ii) a judgement about the source of the material which can be affected by a bias towards external sources as revealed in people with psychosis by their performance on reality monitoring (Aynsworth et al, 2017) and reality discrimination tasks (Bristow et al, 2014); iii) and the role of expectation or prior beliefs (Sterzer et al, 2018). To some extent the groups investigated in this current study may differ in the degree to which the quality of the data, the judgement process, and expectation may play a role in the experience of VH.…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparison of visual hallucinations across disorders

Dudley

Aynsworth

Mosimann

et al. 2019

Psychiatry Research

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Highlights  Visual hallucinations occur to differing degrees across disorders  Hallucinations are usually considered as occurring in a single modality  We examined hallucinations in people with eye disease, psychosis, and dementia.  We found that single modality hallucinations varied in prevalence across disorders  Multisensory experiences are more distressing and more likely to be considered real

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Jumping to perceptions and to conclusions: Specificity to hallucinations and delusions

Cited by 27 publications

References 23 publications

Effects of environmental noise on cognitive (dys)functions in schizophrenia: A pilot within-subjects experimental study

Effects of environmental noise on cognitive (dys)functions in schizophrenia: A pilot within-subjects experimental study

A comparison of cognitive biases between schizophrenia patients with delusions and healthy individuals with delusion-like experiences

A comparison of visual hallucinations across disorders

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