Jun-zi orientation: unique aspects of Asian business practices

Tian, Vane-Ing; Tse, Alan C. B.; Powpaka, Samart

doi:10.1007/s13520-020-00116-5

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Having finalized the conceptual definitions of the five components of Junzi orientation, we followed Churchill's (1979) and DeVellis's (2016) suggestions for scale development. Based on Tian et al. (2020), a comprehensive review of the related literature about Confucian philosophy and the mini focus group discussion with three Chinese business managers, 119 statements were developed to measure the five components of Junzi orientation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While previous studies have demonstrated that Confucian virtues affect a firm's performance, they have not examined all five virtues using a holistic approach. Tian et al. ’s (2020) content analysis further explains the theoretical foundation and advocates for a five-dimension model.…”

Section: Domain Specificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More importantly, these studies only considered the consumers' perspective and have not treated Confucian ethics as a business orientation. The content analysis of Tian et al. (2020) provides inspirations but lacks quantitative data.…”

Section: Domain Specificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2015) provided empirical support for the model with the three dimensions through developing a 16-item measurement scale and showed its positive impact on customer loyalty using 276 Hong Kong Chinese customers as the sample. Tian et al. (2020) expanded the three-dimension framework to a five-dimension model of “Ren,” “Yi,” “Li,” “Zhi” and “Xin” through content analysis of ancient Chinese literature and case studies of Asian business practices.…”

Section: Academic and Managerial Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To examine normative social responsibility with a cultural perspective, this paper proposes using Junzi orientation based on the philosophy of Confucius emphasizing the wholehearted social responsibility of a Junzi (君子) (Tian et al. , 2020), to examine its relationship with business performances.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Understanding corporate culture and business performance from a Confucian perspective

Tian

Tang

Tse

2021

APJML

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PurposeThis paper aims to develop a culturally sensitive model based on the Chinese Confucian philosophy and normative ethics, which emphasizes the wholehearted social responsibility of a Junzi (a noble man). Analogous to the popular marketing concept and strategic marketing orientation concepts, the authors define the Junzi concept as a business philosophy and Junzi orientation as the implementation of this philosophy. It proposes a Junzi orientation has a positive influence on companies' performances.Design/methodology/approachAn 18-item scale comprising five dimensions: (1) Ren – benevolence, humaneness; (2) Yi – appropriateness, righteousness; (3) Li – propriety, harmonious differentiation; (4) Zhi – wisdom, knowledge management; and (5) Xin – integrity, trustworthiness, was developed to measure Junzi orientation. A total of 423 questionnaires were collected from different industries in Hong Kong, and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted.FindingsThe multidimensional behavioral construct of Junzi orientation scale was reliable and valid. The data supported that Junzi orientation has a positive influence on companies' performances.Practical implicationsThe paper suggests that Junzi orientation could enhance a firm's competitive advantage.Originality/valueThis paper develops a culturally sensitive business orientation scale based on Chinese Confucianism and normative ethics.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Domain Specificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Domain Specificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Academic and Managerial Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding corporate culture and business performance from a Confucian perspective

Tian

Tang

Tse

2021

APJML

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Confucian Humanistic Leadership: Social Influence Processes and Trickle Effects

Chou

2024

Humanism in Business Series

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Junzi virtues: a Confucian foundation for harmony within organizations

Snell

Lei

2022

Asian J Bus Ethics

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The classical literature on Confucianism exhorted leaders to practice five core virtues as the basis for becoming a noble person (Junzi) and for sustaining harmonious communities built on trust and good example. We present a theory about how the senior management in modern corporations, by enacting the five Junzi virtues through virtuous environmental, social, and governance (ESG) policies and practices, might inspire virtue-based relationships between superiors and subordinates and between employees. We argue that if middle managers and employees observe and experience that their firm’s ESG policies and practices are virtuous, they would feel encouraged to practice those virtues in their own behavior, and thus embody and promote interpersonal harmony. We provide three types of illustration for our theory. First, we map the five Junzi virtues to the content of a specimen ESG report. Second, we map seven subtypes of servant leadership behavior of middle managers to the five Junzi virtues. Third, we map seven types of employee organizational citizenship behavior to the five Junzi virtues.

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Jun-zi orientation: unique aspects of Asian business practices

Cited by 6 publications

References 77 publications

Understanding corporate culture and business performance from a Confucian perspective

Understanding corporate culture and business performance from a Confucian perspective

Confucian Humanistic Leadership: Social Influence Processes and Trickle Effects

Junzi virtues: a Confucian foundation for harmony within organizations

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