Just environmental governance for shale gas? Transitioning towards sustainable local regulation of fracking in Spain

Unconventional oil and gas (UOG) extraction can augment energy supplies in countries with viable gas resources, but it risks damaging water resources. Water supply problems for fracking can also limit UOG extraction, especially in water-stressed regions. Regulations are one of the main tools used to minimize UOG extraction impacts on water resources. Many states in the US and Canada have extensive regulations to protect water resources during UOG extraction but they are often ineffective, either because they were poorly drafted or because they are not properly enforced. South Africa is a water-scarce, groundwater-dependent country that is considering UOG extraction in the future. South African groundwater experts were surveyed on what regulations are needed to protect groundwater resources and how to enforce them. This study recommends specific UOG extraction regulations to protect groundwater resources, which are not only relevant to South Africa, but also to other countries that extract UOG resources.

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Just environmental governance for shale gas? Transitioning towards sustainable local regulation of fracking in Spain

Cited by 3 publications

References 64 publications

Hydraulic Fracturing as an Environmental and Social Justice Issue in South Africa

Hydraulic Fracturing as an Environmental and Social Justice Issue in South Africa

Water scarcity footprint assessment for China's shale gas development

Developing and enforcing fracking regulations to protect groundwater resources

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