“…Earlier on, research about TPS consisted of descriptions on specific tools and techniques, such as Just-in-Time (JIT) and Kanban (Monden, 1983;Schonberger, 1982;Schroer et al, 1985;Sugimori et al, 1977), Jidoka (Monden, 1983;Ohno, 1988;Pegels, 1984;Sugimori et al, 1977), and Single-Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED) (Shingo and Dillon, 1989), but none of them considered the whole management system at Toyota (Holweg, 2007). Therefore, Womack et al (1990) set a starting point for viewing Lean as a concept, and the research has continued to develop the knowledge of the principles and practices behind Toyota's success.…”