Just Looking (Routledge Revivals)

Bowlby, Rachel

doi:10.4324/9780203855720

Cited by 11 publications

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“…His unpublished notes from as early as 1939 contain descriptions of disoriented, overwhelmed, and fragmentary forms of interpersonal behavior that he observed among the evacuated children and the combat veterans he had worked with clinically during World War II (unpublished manuscripts on the psychology of evacuation, c. 1939–1942, PP/BOW/C.5/4/1; Bowlby & Soddy, War Neurosis Memorandum, British Army, 1940, PP/BOW/C.5/1). Discussions of the evacuated children were included in the second book of his seminal trilogy, Separation (1973), many years after his observations and attachment theory had already been outlined. In the 1950s, Bowlby’s colleague James Robertson had movingly documented disoriented, overwhelmed, and fragmentary behavior in children who had been institutionalized in hospital and their behavior on returning home (e.g.…”

Section: Issues Of Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 1950s, Bowlby’s colleague James Robertson had movingly documented disoriented, overwhelmed, and fragmentary behavior in children who had been institutionalized in hospital and their behavior on returning home (e.g. Robertson, 1953, 1958; see also Bowlby, 1973, and version 1 of a large unpublished book manuscript reflecting on Robertson’s observations, c. 1956, PP/BOW/D.3/1). Those same behaviors were also recognizable in some noninstitutionalized children following brief separation from their caregivers (Robertson, 1953, 1958).…”

Section: Issues Of Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We term this safe haven ambiguity . One of the few published mentions of these two pathways occurred in Separation (1973), where Bowlby discussed the relative – though not absolute – distinction between them. He emphasized that “it is no less natural to feel afraid when lines of communication with base are in jeopardy than when something occurs in front of us that alarms us” (p. 119).…”

Section: Bowlby’s Theory: Self-regulation and Disorganizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They may also have been influenced by the observations of Bowlby’s friend Robert Hinde, who had found that if infant rhesus monkeys repeatedly threw tantrums that failed to attract the availability of their parent, the infants would intersperse violent jerks of the body with distress calls or orient away from the parent to lie flat and screech (Hinde & Spencer-Booth, 1967). In his later writings commenting on the Ainsworth “resistant” category of Strange Situation behavior, Bowlby (1973, p. 228, 1982, p. 671) observed that anger may be regarded as organized and functional when it is primarily oriented towards achieving the attentional availability of the caregiver; however, he also argues that anger can disorganize a child if its shapeless intensity leads them to lose track of the environment. Today, the meaning of the correlation between the resistance and disorganization scales for the Strange Situation is not yet known.…”

Section: Bowlby’s Theory: Self-regulation and Disorganizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bowlby (1973, 1980, c. 1962, PP/BOW/D.3/78) thought of non-dissociative defenses as less emergency measures. Again, this is a position that is implicit but not elaborated explicitly in his subsequent writing.…”

Section: Bowlby’s Theory: Segregated Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disorganized attachment and defense: exploring John Bowlby’s unpublished reflections

Reisz

Duschinsky

Siegel³

2017

Attachment & Human Development

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Main and Solomon were the first to create a formal infant Strange Situation classification of attachment disorganization. Bowlby’s reflections on the underlying psychological processes of such behaviors, however, began early in his career, including the term “disorganization.” Most of these remained unpublished but are available through the John Bowlby Archive. Bowlby saw affective experiences as the source of the attachment behavioral system’s organization and regulation, and he introduced the term “effector equipment” to describe the emergent organization of attention, expectation, affect, and behavior to orchestrate responses to the environment. In his thinking, disorganization results from threat conflict, safe haven ambiguity, and/or activation without assuagement, which interfere with coordination and integration across a behavioral system. Bowlby’s unpublished writings also amplify his published work on segregated systems and defensive exclusion. Bowlby’s insights are relevant today and can provide greater background and clarity to current work, as researchers and clinicians consider the origins, manifestations, and meaning of disorganization.

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Section: Issues Of Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Issues Of Terminologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bowlby’s Theory: Self-regulation and Disorganizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bowlby’s Theory: Self-regulation and Disorganizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bowlby’s Theory: Segregated Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Disorganized attachment and defense: exploring John Bowlby’s unpublished reflections

Reisz

Duschinsky

Siegel³

2017

Attachment & Human Development

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Dependence and caring in clinical communication: The relevance of attachment and other theories

Salmon

Young

2009

Patient Education and Counseling

105

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ObjectiveClinical relationships are usually asymmetric, being defined by patients’ dependence and practitioners’ care. Our aims are to: (i) identify literature that can contribute to theory for researching and teaching clinical communication from this perspective; (ii) highlight where theoretical development is needed; and (iii) test the utility of the emerging theory by identifying whether it leads to implications for educational practice.MethodsSelective and critical review of research concerned with dependence and caring in clinical and non-clinical relationships.ResultsAttachment theory helps to understand patients’ need to seek safety in relationships with expert and authoritative practitioners but is of limited help in understanding practitioners’ caring. Different theories that formulate practitioners’ care as altruistic, rewarded by personal connection or as a contract indicate the potential importance of practitioners’ emotions, values and sense of role in understanding their clinical communication.ConclusionExtending the theoretical grounding of clinical communication can accommodate patients’ dependence and practitioners’ caring without return to medical paternalism.Practice implicationsA broader theoretical base will help educators to address the inherent subjectivity of clinical relationships, and researchers to distinguish scientific questions about how patients and clinicians are from normative questions about how they should be.

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Death Becomes Her: On the Progressive Potential of Victorian Mourning

Mitchell¹

2013

Victorian Literature and Culture

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On the occasion of her Golden Jubilee, Queen Victoria was depicted in a woodcut by William Nicholson that was to become extremely popular (Figure 1). So stout that her proportions approach those of a cube, the Queen is dressed from top to toe in her usual black mourning attire, the white of her gloved hands punctuating the otherwise nearly solid black rectangle of her body. Less than thirty years later, another simple image of a woman in black would prove to be equally iconic: the lithe, narrow column of Chanel's black dress (Figure 2). Comparing the dresses depicted in the two images – the first a visual reminder of the desexualized stolidity of Victorian fidelity, the second image an example of women's burgeoning social and sexual liberation – might lead one to conclude that the only thing they have in common is the color black. And yet, twentieth- and twenty-first-century fashion historians suggest that Victorian mourning is the direct antecedent of the sexier fashions that followed. Jill Fields writes, for example, that “the move to vamp black became possible because the growing presence of black outerwear for women in the nineteenth century due to extensive mourning rituals merged with the growing sensibility that dressing in black was fashionable” (144). Valerie Mendes is more direct: “Traditional mourning attire blazed a trail for the march of fashionable black and the little black dress” (9). These are provocative claims given that most scholarly accounts of Victorian mourning attire – whether from the perspective of literary analysis, fashion history or theory, or social history or theory – offer no indication that such progressive possibilities were inherent in widows’ weeds. Instead, those accounts focus almost exclusively on chasteness and piety, qualities required of the sorrowful widow, as the only message communicated by her attire: “Widows’ mourning clothes announced the ongoing bonds of fidelity, dependence, and grieving that were expected to tie women to their dead husbands for at least a year” (Bradbury 289). The disparity in the two accounts raises the question: how could staid, cumbersome black Victorian mourning attire lead to dresses understood to embrace sexuality and mobility?

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Just Looking (Routledge Revivals)

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Disorganized attachment and defense: exploring John Bowlby’s unpublished reflections

Disorganized attachment and defense: exploring John Bowlby’s unpublished reflections

Dependence and caring in clinical communication: The relevance of attachment and other theories

Death Becomes Her: On the Progressive Potential of Victorian Mourning

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