Justice Sensitivity

Schmitt, Manfred; Gollwitzer, Mario; Arbach, Dima

doi:10.1027/1015-5759.21.3.202

Cited by 320 publications

(208 citation statements)

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“…The authors suggested that activity in posterior cingulate may indicate a moral sensitivity or justice sensitivity and that activity in ACC may indicate altruistic motivation (see also Mathur et al, 2010). Recently, three subcategories, related to altruism (affective empathy, cognitive empathy, justice sensitivity), have been investigated as an influence to the donating behavior in the dictator game (Edele, Dziobek, & Keller, 2013), showing that justice sensitivity (Schmitt, Gollwitzer, Maes, & Arbach, 2005;Schmitt, Neumann, & Montada, 1995) and affective empathy (e.g., Davis, 1983;Davis, Luce, & Kraus, 1994) were leading to higher offers. Taken together, theta activity may be reflecting altruistic motivation or empathy as the emotional source of such a motivation, leading to fair offers (Edele et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A neural signature of fairness in altruism: A game of theta?

Rodrigues

Ulrich

Hewig

2014

Social Neuroscience

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In the dictator game, a proposer can share a certain amount of money between himself or herself and a receiver, who has no opportunity of influencing the offer. Rational choice theory predicts that dictators keep all money for themselves. But people often are offering money to receivers, despite their opportunity to maximize their own profit and therefore showing altruistic behavior. In this study, we investigated the influence of the altruism of the dictator, the anonymity of the decision and the income of the receiver on the offer made by a dictator. Additionally, we were interested in the influence of midfrontal theta activity prior to the offer, indicating the upcoming decision. The height of the offer made by the dictator was dependent on all variables investigated: Altruism of the dictator led to higher offers and income of the receiver led to higher offer the poorer the receivers are. The anonymity of the decision had two effects, depending on the altruism of the dictator, with higher offers for highly altruistic dictators, when they were not observed, and lower offers for less altruistic dictators in this condition. Finally, midfrontal theta activity predicts upcoming fair offers, maybe indicating altruistic motivation or empathy on physiological basis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A neural signature of fairness in altruism: A game of theta?

Rodrigues

Ulrich

Hewig

2014

Social Neuroscience

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“…After pressing the continue button, the next face was shown. Before leaving, participants filled out a paper–pencil version of the justice sensitivity questionnaire (Schmitt et al, 2005), and were paid.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Load Does Not Affect the Behavioral and Cognitive Foundations of Social Cooperation

2016

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The present study serves to test whether the cognitive mechanisms underlying social cooperation are affected by cognitive load. Participants interacted with trustworthy-looking and untrustworthy-looking partners in a sequential Prisoner’s Dilemma Game. Facial trustworthiness was manipulated to stimulate expectations about the future behavior of the partners which were either violated or confirmed by the partners’ cheating or cooperation during the game. In a source memory test, participants were required to recognize the partners and to classify them as cheaters or cooperators. A multinomial model was used to disentangle item memory, source memory and guessing processes. We found an expectancy-congruent bias toward guessing that trustworthy-looking partners were more likely to be associated with cooperation than untrustworthy-looking partners. Source memory was enhanced for cheating that violated the participants’ positive expectations about trustworthy-looking partners. We were interested in whether or not this expectancy-violation effect—that helps to revise unjustified expectations about trustworthy-looking partners—depends on cognitive load induced via a secondary continuous reaction time task. Although this secondary task interfered with working memory processes in a validation study, both the expectancy-congruent guessing bias as well as the expectancy-violation effect were obtained with and without cognitive load. These findings support the hypothesis that the expectancy-violation effect is due to a simple mechanism that does not rely on demanding elaborative processes. We conclude that most cognitive mechanisms underlying social cooperation presumably operate automatically so that they remain unaffected by cognitive load.

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“…Furthermore, a few other studies show that personality is linked to gaming behaviors. Fetchenhauer and Huang [23] indicate that the ''justice sensitivity,'' a personality disposition introduced by Schmitt et al [24], could be used to predict decisions in a number of games using theoretical paradigms (dictator games, ultimatum games, and a combination of these two games). Douse and McManus [25] suggest that players of a fantasy Play-By-Mail game were less feminine, less androgynous, and more introverted than matched controls.…”

Section: Personality and Computer Game Playmentioning

confidence: 99%