“…In terms of the functions of code switching, there have been many studies conducted in bilingual, multilingual, ESL or EFL contexts (e.g., Sert, 2005;Iyitoglu, 2015;Greggio & Gil, 2007;Raman & Yigitoglu, 2018;Rukh, Saleem, Javeed & Mehmood, 2014;Zabrodjkaja, 2007;Ferguson, 2003Ferguson, , 2009. Ferguson (2003,2009) put forward a framework for the pedagogical functions of classroom codeswitching which includes: "(1) code-switching for constructing and expressing knowledge access, for scaffolding knowledge, explantaion of key L2 technical terms and mediation of L2 textbooks; (2) codeswitching for classroom management, for indicating a shift, managing students' behavior such as: motivating, disciplining, and praising them; and (3) code-switching for interpersonal relations to create more humanistic classrooms" (Cahyani, Courcy & Barnett, 2018, p.467).…”