Justifying network reconstruction when switching to low temperature district heating

Чичерин, Станислав; Starikov, Aleksander; Zhuikov, A. V.

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2022.123618

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Typically, this is called the control point temperature (CPT). From Ivanko et al's research [5], one can observe that in Europe, the CPT can be as much as 16 • C (compared with 5-8 • C in Russia [6,7]). This makes SH longer and studying factors affecting indoor temperature is even more important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Factors Affecting Indoor Temperature in the Case of District Heating

Chicherin,

Zhuikov,

Junussova

2023

Sustainability

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In this study, the influence of variables defining indoor temperature is studied, focusing on operational data and visual and technical inspections rather than the temperature control setpoints and occupancy schedule. This is incorrect because infiltration and insolation are highly variable. This results in lowering the temperature difference between the supply and return lines, overheating some spaces, lowering the indoor temperature in others, and poor hydronic balancing. The novelty lies in studying the actual operating condition of real district heating (DH) systems. The research hypothesis is that internal heat gains along with the infiltration of and variations in outdoor temperature cause daily changes in indoor temperature. These factors seem to be the primary reasons for the variations in supply and return temperature, if the rate of energy loss is not large in new office buildings constructed according to tightened contemporary energy conservation regulations. The saving effect is achieved by allowing the energy to be dumped into building envelopes; thus, the flow rate or supply temperature are varied in a narrower range. Dumping heat by using the storage capacity of building envelopes is suggested. The corrected design approach minimizes energy consumption and increases annual performance (e.g., by 14.1% here). Advantages are achieved by tuning a controller at a DH substation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Factors Affecting Indoor Temperature in the Case of District Heating

Chicherin,

Zhuikov,

Junussova

2023

Sustainability

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“…To compare, Farouq et al [21] detected more random behavior compared to its reference group, comprised mostly of residential buildings, and reasoned it to a malfunction or inadequate setpoints for some control parameters at the target regulators. Synthetic heat demand profiles are also useful for removing clearly visible errors-indistinct measurements or apparently incorrect readings (utterly high or low values) [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

District Heating for Poorly Insulated Residential Buildings—Comparing Results of Visual Study, Thermography, and Modeling

Chicherin,

Zhuikov,

Junussova

2023

Sustainability

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Newer buildings have a lower but smoother profile of indoor temperature, while older buildings are less energy efficient. Sometimes, the indoor temperature is unreasonably high, being 25–30 °C. There are buildings where the indoor temperature does not correlate with the outdoor one. Correction factors adjusting convective heat transfer coefficients are suggested. Energy demand is defined using the rate of heat loss and internal heat gains for the given building construction and design consumption profile. We suggest adjusting the setpoints of the secondary supply temperature to keep indoor and return temperatures lower. Correcting a traditional approach when designing a building may minimize energy consumption by 23.3% and increase the annual performance by up to 14.1%. The reductions of thermal peak resulting from a new type of controller adjustment (for instance, discrete) compared to the traditional operation range from roughly 10 to 30%, respectively. A better understanding of the system operation is a necessary step to switch to fourth-generation district heating (4GDH). This methodology is especially helpful in shaving daily peaks of heat demand. Building envelopes ease the charging, maximum storage capacity, and balance of the given generation and demand profiles, which are key factors in achieving the reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Once the heat demand is covered according to the maximum storage capacity for the given generation and demand profile, fewer efforts to modernize a district heating network are required.

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