Juvenile Disease Processes Affecting the Forelimb in Canines

Kieves, Nina R.

doi:10.1016/j.cvsm.2020.12.004

Cited by 6 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Dogs that do suffer from consequences of RCCs will often present for ALDs between 4 and 7 months old, 1,2,4 and surgical intervention may be required. [1][2][3]7 Significantly less research regarding ALDs has been undertaken in cats compared to dogs. 11 Canine physeal disturbances are most common in the distal ulna due to the conical shape, which predisposes them to Salter-Harris type V fractures and premature closure.…”

Section: Learning Points/take-home Messagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 Angular limb deformities (ALD) are a common result of this pathology in paired bones, such as the radius and ulna, due to the loss of growth in the affected physis, and often require surgical intervention. [1][2][3]7 In contrast, they can be incidental findings, 2,4 and even partially resolve with time in some cases. 8 Based on an electronic database search of PubMed performed in March 2023, with keywords including 'retained cartilage core' and 'cats' , this condition has never previously been reported in cats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Retained endochondral cartilage core (RCC) is a radiographic finding in predominantly large and giant breed skeletally immature dogs, 1–6 with only one recent report in a young small breed dog 1 . Angular limb deformities (ALD) are a common result of this pathology in paired bones, such as the radius and ulna, due to the loss of growth in the affected physis, and often require surgical intervention 1–3,7 . In contrast, they can be incidental findings, 2,4 and even partially resolve with time in some cases 8…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bilateral ulnar retained cartilage cores causing thoracic angular limb deformities in a cat

Sumping,

Weston,

Crosby‐Durrani

et al. 2024

Vet Record Case Reports

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A 6‐month‐old, female, neutered, Bengal‐cross cat presented for bilateral thoracic angular limb deformity. Radiographs and computed tomography revealed well‐defined, flame‐shaped radiolucent and hypoattenuating defects within the medullary cavity of the distal ulnar metaphyses, surrounded by a thin rim of sclerosis. Surgical correction of initially the right angular limb deformity involved radial and ulnar ostectomies, and a bone biopsy of the distal ulnar metaphysis was submitted for histopathology. The morphological diagnosis was consistent with retained cartilage core, never previously reported in a cat.

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Section: Learning Points/take-home Messagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Bilateral ulnar retained cartilage cores causing thoracic angular limb deformities in a cat

Sumping,

Weston,

Crosby‐Durrani

et al. 2024

Vet Record Case Reports

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“…Chronic lameness in growing dogs is a common complaint in the veterinary clinic and many sources of lameness in juvenile dogs exist. Some of these include elbow dysplasia, hypertrophic osteodystrophy, panosteitis and osteochondrosis [1,2]. Although diagnostically challenging at times, these common sources of lameness, would usually be identified on survey imaging such as radiographs or computed tomography (CT) [1,2].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these include elbow dysplasia, hypertrophic osteodystrophy, panosteitis and osteochondrosis [1,2]. Although diagnostically challenging at times, these common sources of lameness, would usually be identified on survey imaging such as radiographs or computed tomography (CT) [1,2]. Venous plexus abnormalities as a cause of chronic lameness on the other hand, will be almost impossible to detect on radiographs or native CT.…”

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confidence: 99%

Vertebral venous plexus abnormalities in a young Poodle causing chronic lameness

Heidemann

Koch³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Chronic progressive lameness in young dogs which do not show abnormalities on initial, survey imaging, is diagnostically challenging. The present case had undergone extensive diagnostics without definitive diagnosis until magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allowed lesion detection and localization to the vertebral venous system. Abnormalities of the vertebral venous system have only previously been reported once in veterinary medicine. Case presentation A 1-year-old intact male Standard Poodle was referred with a history of chronic and progressive right thoracic limb lameness. A full work up which included routine haematology, serum biochemistry, radiography, and native computed tomography (CT) of the affected thoracic limb was performed at the referring veterinarian and reported as normal. Management including conventional pain medication, laser treatment, and physiotherapy had been attempted unsuccessfully. Treatment with meloxicam (0.1 mg/kg per os daily) did, however, have some effect on the dog’s pain according to the owner. At our hospital the right thoracic limb lameness was confirmed. A pain reaction was found on manipulation of both shoulders, and a marked muscle atrophy was noted around the right shoulder. On neurological examination, the right thoracic limb had decreased muscle tone and a decreased withdrawal reflex localizing the problem to a right-sided C6-T2 myelopathy or radiculopathy. MRI of the cervicothoracic spine and both brachial plexuses was performed. This showed enlarged internal vertebral venous plexuses especially on the right side from the level of C6 -T2 vertebrae together with marked contrast enhancement of the nerve roots in this region, suggesting nerve root compression secondary to the enlarged venous system. Further analgetic medical management was attempted but due to progression of the dog’s clinical signs, euthanasia was elected 5 months later. Post-mortem investigations confirmed imaging findings and found loss of neurons and swelling of the axons at the compressive sites on histopathology. Conclusions Based on the imaging findings a diagnosis of venous plexus abnormalities with secondary radiculopathy was considered most likely. This was confirmed by the post-mortem investigation. Venous plexus abnormalities are rare but should be considered in young dogs with progressive signs of lameness and regional muscle atrophy in which the underlying cause is not identified with conventional diagnostics.

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Pathology of the Proximal Radius in Juvenile Pugs

Obel,

Rondahl,

Rohdin

et al. 2024

Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol

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The aim of this study was to describe the physeal pathology of the proximal radius in four skeletally immature male Pugs. Physical examination, radiography, and computed tomography (CT) of the thoracic limbs were performed in all four dogs. Two Pugs were available for long-term follow-up and two Pugs were euthanatized after the diagnostic imaging results. Four male Pugs, aged between 6 and 7 months, were presented with a history of thoracic limb lameness lasting 2 to 3 months. Radiography and CT of the thoracic limbs showed irregularity of the proximal radial physes with varying degrees of radiolucency within the adjacent metaphyses. The pathology was associated with elbow joint incongruity and angular deformity of the antebrachium. Two dogs were euthanatized, one of which was autopsied, and histopathology of the proximal radius revealed bilateral physeal dysplasia. At long-term follow-up of the two surviving dogs, lameness had resolved. Radiography and CT scans of the thoracic limbs revealed normal bone opacity within the proximal radius and resolution of the radiolucent areas of the proximal radial physes. However, incongruity of the radioulnar joint remained. In this report, the resolution of identified physeal pathology at the proximal radius in juvenile Pugs demonstrates the potential for spontaneous remission despite the presence of notable radiographic changes.

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Juvenile Disease Processes Affecting the Forelimb in Canines

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Bilateral ulnar retained cartilage cores causing thoracic angular limb deformities in a cat

Bilateral ulnar retained cartilage cores causing thoracic angular limb deformities in a cat

Vertebral venous plexus abnormalities in a young Poodle causing chronic lameness

Pathology of the Proximal Radius in Juvenile Pugs

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