Juvenile hormone activity of structurally unrelated compounds

Schneiderman, Howard A.; Krishnakumaran, A.; Kulkarni, Vandana; Friedman, Lester

doi:10.1016/0022-1910(65)90031-4

Cited by 96 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The insect hormones tested here have 1 to 3 polar groups. but only 1 appears necessary for activity (27,35). A polar group could help stabilize the emulsion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, ecdysone itself and related substances were found in plants (4). Ecdysones are a (27), and Wigglesworth (35) reveals a number of similarities between molecules active on plants or on insects, even when they have not yet been tested in bo-th systems. In fact, the conclusions that Schneiderman et al (27) reached for *the insect active substances, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ecdysones are a (27), and Wigglesworth (35) reveals a number of similarities between molecules active on plants or on insects, even when they have not yet been tested in bo-th systems. In fact, the conclusions that Schneiderman et al (27) reached for *the insect active substances, i.e. there is no obvious structural relationship between active molecules, there is a critical size required for activitv, and the compounds themselves must be active since they are not likely to be precursors of any common substances, are the same conclusions we have reached (20,21) for the materials active in the pea tesit.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 3 homologous series, Schneiderman et at. (27) found a distinct molecular length for optimum activitv at 20 A. The 2 a'uthentic hormones identified since (18) (11), respiration is increased (10,12,14), there are relationships to plant hormone changes (10, 12.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth Promotion in Pea Stem Sections. III. By Alkyl Nitriles, Alkyl Acetylenes and Insect Juvenile Hormones

Stowe¹,

Hudson²

1969

Plant Physiol.

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Abstract. C,4, C15, and C16 alkyl nitriles, and C16 and C18 alkyl acetylenes at 10 to 105 micromolar concentrations promote the growth of stem sections from red-light-exposed seedlings of dwarf peas (Pisum sativum L. cv. Progress No. 9). Similar results were obtained with substances active as insect juvenile hormones, namely farnesol, the racemic ethyl ester of 1 of the natural hormones, -and a "synthetic juvenile hormone" mixture, the latter 2 having as high an activity in the pea assay as any lipid reported previously. A sterically nearly idenitical compound, methyl-RS-10,11-epoxyfarnesoate, is a weak insect hormone and did not promote plant growth. Thus activity in peas and in insects is in some cases parallel. Other similarities and some differences are discussed. Peas appear to require molecules longer than 20A, while insect activity is maximal at that length. All active molecules are ineffective in promoting pea stem elongation by themselves, indole acetic acid must also be present. The lipid effect in plants and the juvenile hormone response in insects have much in common and the evidence suggests they could have a similar locus of action in a membrane controlling respiratory function. In this paper, our previous report that palmitonitrile is active in the bioassay is extended to other simple nitriles, and alkyl acetylenes also are shown to be active. In addition, the racemate of the ethyl ester of one of the natural insect juvenile hormones, as well as a synthetic mixture with juvenile hormone activity, are shown to be highly effective in promoting growth of pea stem sections. Materials and MethodsThe bioassay used has been described previously (32). Brieflv, 10 mm sections cut from just below the apex of 7 day old seedlings of dwarf peas (Pisum satizvum L. cv. Progress No. 9) which were grown at 250 under continuous extremely weak red light, are randomized and floated, 10 to a Petri dish, on 20 ml of 1.5 % sucrose solution buffered with 5 mM KH2PO, (pH 5.5)

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“…The insect hormones tested here have 1 to 3 polar groups. but only 1 appears necessary for activity (27,35). A polar group could help stabilize the emulsion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth Promotion in Pea Stem Sections. III. By Alkyl Nitriles, Alkyl Acetylenes and Insect Juvenile Hormones

Stowe¹,

Hudson²

1969

Plant Physiol.

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“…When tested in the Galleria bioassay that detects morphogenetic, gonadotropic and prothoracicotropic JH activity Schneiderman et al (1965) found that there is no obvious structural relationship amongst a number of compounds with high juvenile hormone activity. In the next decades about 4200 additional biologically active JH-analogs have been synthesized (review Slama, 2013).…”

Section: Arguments In Favor Of a Promiscuous Sesquiterpenoid Receptormentioning

confidence: 97%

The essence of female–male physiological dimorphism: Differential Ca2+-homeostasis enabled by the interplay between farnesol-like endogenous sesquiterpenoids and sex-steroids? The Calcigender paradigm

Loof

2015

General and Comparative Endocrinology

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Ca(2+) is the most omnipresent pollutant on earth, in higher concentrations a real threat to all living cells. When [Ca(2+)]i rises above 100 nM (=resting level), excess Ca(2+) needs to be confined in the SER and mitochondria, or extruded by the different Ca(2+)-ATPases. The evolutionary origin of eggs and sperm cells has a crucial, yet often overlooked link with Ca(2+)-homeostasis. Because there is no goal whatsoever in evolution, gametes did neither originate "with the purpose" of generating a progeny nor of increasing fitness by introducing meiosis. The explanation may simply be that females "invented the trick" to extrude eggs from their body as an escape strategy for getting rid of toxic excess Ca(2+) resulting from a sex-hormone driven increased influx into particular cells and tissues. The production of Ca(2+)-rich milk, seminal fluid in males and all secreted proteins by eukaryotic cells may be similarly explained. This view necessitates an upgrade of the role of the RER-Golgi system in extruding Ca(2+). In the context of insect metamorphosis, it has recently been (re)discovered that (some isoforms of) Ca(2+)-ATPases act as membrane receptors for some types of lipophilic ligands, in particular for endogenous farnesol-like sesquiterpenoids (FLS) and, perhaps, for some steroid hormones as well. A novel paradigm, tentatively named "Calcigender" emerges. Its essence is: gender-specific physiotypes ensue from differential Ca(2+)-homeostasis enabled by genetic differences, farnesol/FLS and sex hormones. Apparently the body of reproducing females gets temporarily more poisoned by Ca(2+) than the male one, a selective benefit rather than a disadvantage.

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Detection of juvenile hormone-active compounds by larvae of the marine annelidCapitella sp. I

Biggers¹,

Laufer²

1996

Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol.

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Several bioassay systems have been previously developed to detect the presence of juvenile hormones or compounds with juvenile hormone‐activity (JH activity). While investigating the effects of juvenile hormones on polychaete annelid development, we have previously found that metatrochophore larvae of the polychaete Capitella sp. I are induced to settle and metamorphose in response to compounds with JH‐activity in less than 1 h. Investigating further the settlement‐inducing effects of chemicals with varying degrees of JH‐activity, we have found that there is a positive relationship between the JH‐activity of chemicals in the Galleria insect cuticle bioassay and their ability to induce settlement and metamorphosis of the Capitella larvae. The juvenoids JH I, JH III, and methyl farnesoate induced 50% of the larvae to settle and metamorphose in 1 h at concentrations of 25, 12, and 1 μM dissolved in the seawater (EC50s). The JH‐active fatty acid eicosatrienoic acid also was very active having an EC50 of 10 μM, whereas non‐JH‐active chemicals such as cholesterol and alkane hydrocarbons were not effective in inducing settlement and metamorphosis. These results therefore suggest that the Capitella settlement and metamorphosis assay may aid in the detection and purification of chemicals with JH‐activity. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Juvenile hormone activity of structurally unrelated compounds

Cited by 96 publications

References 8 publications

Growth Promotion in Pea Stem Sections. III. By Alkyl Nitriles, Alkyl Acetylenes and Insect Juvenile Hormones

Growth Promotion in Pea Stem Sections. III. By Alkyl Nitriles, Alkyl Acetylenes and Insect Juvenile Hormones

The essence of female–male physiological dimorphism: Differential Ca2+-homeostasis enabled by the interplay between farnesol-like endogenous sesquiterpenoids and sex-steroids? The Calcigender paradigm

Detection of juvenile hormone-active compounds by larvae of the marine annelidCapitella sp. I

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