Juvenile Hormone Is Required in Adult Males for Drosophila Courtship

Wijesekera, Thilini P.; Saurabh, Sumit; Dauwalder, Brigitte

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151912

Cited by 54 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mating in D. melanogaster can be affected by azadirachtin because JH is required and plays an important role in this regulation processes in this species . Moreover, ecdysone and JH seem to regulate the onset of female sex pheromone production, mating and some aspects of courtship in D. melanogaster . In addition, the decision to engage courtship activities can be influenced by neuromodulators like dopamine (DA), and recent studies show that the insulin‐signalling pathway regulates JH and DA metabolism in D. melanogaster …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Azadirachtin effects on mating success, gametic abnormalities and progeny survival in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera)

Oulhaci

Denis

Kilani-Morakchi

et al. 2017

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: Azadirachtin is a prominent natural pesticide and represents an alternative to conventional insecticides. It has been successfully used against insect pests. However, its effects on reproduction require further analysis. Here we investigated lethal and sublethal effects of azadirachtin, on treated adults in a model insect, Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen). Dose-mortality relationships as well as several parameters of reproduction (mating, spermatogenesis, oogenesis and fertility) were examined.RESULTS: Neem-Azal, a commercial formulation of azadirachtin, applied topically on newly emerged adults, increased mortality with a positive dose-dependent relationship. The LD 50 (0.63 g) was determined 24 h after treatment using a non-linear regression. Adults surviving this dose had a mating success that was divided by 3 and a progeny production reduced by half when males were treated, and even more when females were treated. When combining probability of survival, of mating and reduced progeny, it appeared that LD 50 induced a 98% reduction in reproductive rates. Reduced progeny was partially explained by the effect of adult treatment on gametes number and abnormalities. The number of cysts and the apical nuclei positions within the cysts decreased by 29.7% and 20%, respectively, in males. In females, the number of oocytes per ovary and the volume of basal oocytes also decreased by 16.1% and 32.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Azadirachtin causes significant toxic effects in both sexes and decreases the fecundity and fertility of D. melanogaster. Females are more sensitive to azadirachtin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Azadirachtin effects on mating success, gametic abnormalities and progeny survival in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera)

Oulhaci

Denis

Kilani-Morakchi

et al. 2017

Pest Management Science

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“…CA-ablated flies were reared as described previously (22) at 29°C, isolated before eclosion, and transferred to isolated chambers held at 23°C before mating and fecundity analysis. The JHAMT-Gal4 fly line has been described recently (55 Quantitative RT-PCR. For qPCR of ETHR expression in the CA, 3 replicates were obtained from 30 CA dissected from day 4 adult males and females JHAMTGal4 > UAS-ETHR-Sym;UAS-CD4-tdGFP or JHAMT-Gal4 > UAS-CD4-tdGFP (control).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine network essential for reproductive success in Drosophila melanogaster

Meiselman

Lee

Tran

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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140

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Ecdysis-triggering hormone (ETH) was originally discovered and characterized as a molt termination signal in insects through its regulation of the ecdysis sequence. Here we report that ETH persists in adult Drosophila melanogaster, where it functions as an obligatory allatotropin to promote juvenile hormone (JH) production and reproduction. ETH signaling deficits lead to sharply reduced JH levels and consequent reductions of ovary size, egg production, and yolk deposition in mature oocytes. Expression of ETH and ETH receptor genes is in turn dependent on ecdysone (20E). Furthermore, 20E receptor knockdown specifically in Inka cells reduces fecundity. Our findings indicate that the canonical developmental roles of 20E, ETH, and JH during juvenile stages are repurposed to function as an endocrine network essential for reproductive success.ecdysis triggering hormone | ecdysone | juvenile hormone | fecundity | oogenesis T he life history of insects is characterized by radical morphogenetic transformations, whereby tissues are reorganized and hormones are repurposed for roles associated with stage-specific functions. During development, larvae complete each molt by shedding the cuticle under control of ecdysis triggering hormones (ETHs) targeting central peptidergic ensembles to orchestrate an innate behavioral sequence (1-3). Previous observations that Inka cells, the sole source of ETHs, persist into the adult stage (4) suggest possible reproductive functions for these peptides.We hypothesized that ETHs regulate juvenile hormone (JH) levels, based on the report of ETH receptor (ETHR) expression in the corpora allata (CA) of the silkworm, Bombyx mori (5). Evidence that ETH functions as an allatotropin in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti came from a recent study showing its activation of JH acid methyltransferase (6).JH is a sesquiterpenoid hormone with well-known morphogenetic and gonadotropic functions. In Drosophila, adult phenotypes resulting from reduction of JH levels have been characterized through induction of cell death in the CA or through enhancement of its degradation (7,8). Based on evidence from studies on Bombyx and Aedes, we investigated whether ETH functions as an allatotropin in adult Drosophila and the extent to which it may be necessary for reproductive functions.Previous studies showed that ecdysone (20E) regulates synthesis and release of ETH and expression of ETHR during larval stages of moths and mosquitoes (9-12). More recently, selftranscribing active regulatory region sequencing (STARR-Seq) data confirm that 20E induces 20E receptor (EcR) enhancer activity in promoters of both ETH and ETHR genes (13). Because circulating 20E levels are of major physiological and reproductive relevance (14), we also asked whether 20E influences ETH gene expression during the adult stage.Here we describe functional roles for 20E, ETH, and JH as a hormonal triad essential for reproductive success in Drosophila.In particular, we confirm persistence of ETH signaling throughout adulthood and demonstrate it...

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“…Our central finding that SSD regulation involves a non-autonomous, likely hormonal mechanism adds to a small but growing number of findings from Drosophila that indicate that sex differences in growth, physiology and behavior are regulated via secreted factors, which may act as sex hormones [15,19–21,51–53]. This raises the possibility that even though the primary sex determination signals are diverse and rapidly evolving across metazoans, some of the downstream mechanisms that control sexually dimorphic physiology may be more conserved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sexually dimorphic gene expression in the adult head fat body, under the control of the Sxl/Tra pathway, regulates secreted factors that interact with brain circuits to promote male-specific courtship behavior [18–20]. One of the secreted factors is Takeout, a protein that may function as a carrier for juvenile hormone, which is important for male courtship behavior [19–21]. …”

Section: Sxl Acts In Neurons To Remotely Control Ssd Via a Novel Mechmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-lethal in neurons controls female body growth inDrosophila

Sawala

Gould

2018

Fly

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Sexual size dimorphism (SSD), a sex difference in body size, is widespread throughout the animal kingdom, raising the question of how sex influences existing growth regulatory pathways to bring about SSD. In insects, somatic sexual differentiation has long been considered to be controlled strictly cell-autonomously. Here, we discuss our surprising finding that in Drosophila larvae, the sex determination gene Sex-lethal (Sxl) functions in neurons to non-autonomously specify SSD. We found that Sxl is required in specific neuronal subsets to upregulate female body growth, including in the neurosecretory insulin producing cells, even though insulin-like peptides themselves appear not to be involved. SSD regulation by neuronal Sxl is also independent of its known splicing targets, transformer and msl-2, suggesting that it involves a new molecular mechanism. Interestingly, SSD control by neuronal Sxl is selective for larval, not imaginal tissue types, and operates in addition to cell-autonomous effects of Sxl and Tra, which are present in both larval and imaginal tissues. Overall, our findings add to a small but growing number of studies reporting non-autonomous, likely hormonal, control of sex differences in Drosophila, and suggest that the principles of sexual differentiation in insects and mammals may be more similar than previously thought.

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Juvenile Hormone Is Required in Adult Males for Drosophila Courtship

Cited by 54 publications

References 43 publications

Azadirachtin effects on mating success, gametic abnormalities and progeny survival in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera)

Azadirachtin effects on mating success, gametic abnormalities and progeny survival in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera)

Endocrine network essential for reproductive success in Drosophila melanogaster

Sex-lethal in neurons controls female body growth inDrosophila

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