Juvenile Hormone Is Required to Couple Imaginal Disc Formation with Nutrition in Insects

Truman, James W.; Hiruma, Kiyoshi; Allee, J. Paul; MacWhinnie, S.G.B.; Champlin, David T.; Riddiford, Lynn M.

doi:10.1126/science.1123652

Cited by 145 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In this insect, disc growth responds only to changes in IIS in the presence of JH (Truman et al 2006). In animals that have had their corpora allata excised (the gland that produces JH), starvation reduces but does not prevent disc growth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, in many holometabolous insects, the imaginal discs do not begin growth until after the attainment of critical size. This is thought to be the ancestral state ( Truman et al 2006). The TGP for such discs is effectively their entire growth period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Starvation also reduces the release of dILPs, down-regulating the IIS-pathway via Inr (Ikeya et al 2002). Finally, other hormones, for example juvenile hormone ( JH) (Truman et al 2006), ecdysone (Caldwell et al 2005;Colombani et al 2005;Mirth et al 2005) and imaginal disc growth factors (IDGF) (Kawamura et al 1999), also regulate the IIS-pathway, and may themselves be nutritionally regulated. Collectively, these various humoral factors are likely dispersed uniformly throughout the developing larva, and so the IIS-pathway can coordinate growth throughout the body in response to changing nutrition (Goberdhan & Wilson 2002).…”

Section: Nutritional Regulation Of Body Size In Drosophilamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental model of static allometry in holometabolous insects

2008

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The regulation of static allometry is a fundamental developmental process, yet little is understood of the mechanisms that ensure organs scale correctly across a range of body sizes. Recent studies have revealed the physiological and genetic mechanisms that control nutritional variation in the final body and organ size in holometabolous insects. The implications these mechanisms have for the regulation of static allometry is, however, unknown. Here, we formulate a mathematical description of the nutritional control of body and organ size in Drosophila melanogaster and use it to explore how the developmental regulators of size influence static allometry. The model suggests that the slope of nutritional static allometries, the 'allometric coefficient', is controlled by the relative sensitivity of an organ's growth rate to changes in nutrition, and the relative duration of development when nutrition affects an organ's final size. The model also predicts that, in order to maintain correct scaling, sensitivity to changes in nutrition varies among organs, and within organs through time. We present experimental data that support these predictions. By revealing how specific physiological and genetic regulators of size influence allometry, the model serves to identify developmental processes upon which evolution may act to alter scaling relationships.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nutritional Regulation Of Body Size In Drosophilamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Developmental model of static allometry in holometabolous insects

2008

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“…Finally, recent studies have delineated a novel signalling pathway, the Hippo pathway, which has an important role in the regulation of organ size through cell proliferation (for example, Dong et al, 2007;Pan, 2007;Saucedo and Edgar, 2007). Eventually, the adult size of holometabolous insects is determined by the size at which the last-instar larva stops feeding and begins metamorphosis, a process controlled by steroid and neuropeptide hormones occurring after a genetically encoded critical weight is achieved (for example, Caldwell et al, 2005;Colombani et al, 2005;Nijhout et al, 2006;Truman et al, 2006). Despite these considerable advances, we still understand little about how size is perceived and how organ-intrinsic size interfaces with whole-body physiology (for example, Caldwell et al, 2005;Conlon and Raff, 1999;Day and Lawrence, 2000;Nijhout, 2003;Nijhout and Emlen, 1998;Shingleton et al, 2007;Stern and Emlen, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body size in Drosophila: genetic architecture, allometries and sexual dimorphism

2008

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Even though substantial progress has been made to elucidate the physiological and environmental factors underpinning differences in body size, little is known about its genetic architecture. Furthermore, all animal species bear a specific relationship between the size of each organ and overall body size, so different body size traits should be investigated as well as their sexual dimorphism that may have an important impact on the evolution of body size. We have surveyed 191 co-isogenic lines of Drosophila melanogaster, each one of them homozygous for a single P-element insertion, and assessed the effects of mutations on different body size traits compared to the P-element-free co-isogenic control. Nearly 60% of the lines showed significant differences with respect to the control for these traits in one or both sexes and almost 35% showed trait-and sex-specific effects. Candidate gene mutations frequently increased body size in males and decreased it in females. Among the 92 genes identified, most are involved in development and/or metabolic processes and their molecular functions principally include protein-binding and nucleic acid-binding activities. Although several genes showed pleiotropic effects in relation to body size, few of them were involved in the expression of all traits in one or both sexes. These genes seem to be important for different aspects related to the general functioning of the organism. In general, our results indicate that the genetic architecture of body size traits involves a large fraction of the genome and is largely sex and trait specific.

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“…A recent study disclosed a new aspect of JH action in metamorphosis; experimental removal of corpora allata in starved Manduca last instar larvae allows the formation of imaginal discs, even during severe starvation, suggesting that JH acting by itself can suppress disc morphogenesis and growth. 13) In addition to its role in molting and metamorphosis, JH is also involved in reproduction, both larval and adult diapause, and caste determination in social insects. 1) Since JH signaling is specific to insects and other arthropods and does not exist in vertebrates, it should be an ideal target for pest management with low toxicity to non-target organisms outside the Arthropoda.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insect juvenile hormone action as a potential target of pest management

Minakuchi

Riddiford

2006

J. Pestic. Sci.

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Juvenile hormone (JH) is a sesquiterpenoid hormone that regulates growth and development in insects. Since JH is a hormone specific to insects and other arthropods, compounds disrupting JH action in insects are expected to be ideal insecticides with low toxicity to non-target organisms. Many natural or synthetic analogs with JH-like or anti-JH activity have been identified, and some potent JH mimics have been used as insecticides. Recent studies on the enzymes in JH biosynthetic and metabolic pathways should be helpful for the discovery of more potent analogs and for the establishment of new means of pest management using recombinant DNA technology. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan Keywords: juvenile hormone (JH), insect metamorphosis, insect growth regulators, biosynthesis and metabolism of JH. Review* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: chieka_minakuchi@yahoo.com © Pesticide Science Society of Japan doptera. 17,18) Higher Diptera such as D. melanogaster and the blowfly Calliphora vomitoria produce JH III bisepoxide. 19,20) A small amount of methyl farnesoate, a precursor of JH III, was found in cockroach embryos and larvae. [20][21][22] Methyl farnesoate has also been identified in crustaceans 23) and is thought to have a JH-like action in female reproduction. 24)12Ј-OH JH III identified from the corpora allata of the African locust Locusta migratoria migratorioides was reported to exhibit JH activity when a high dose of this compound was topically applied to Tenebrio pupae. 25,26) Biosynthesis, Transport and Metabolism of Juvenile HormoneIn insects, JH is synthesized in the corpora allata via the mevalonate pathway (Fig. 2).27) The mevalonate pathway also exists in mammals and plants, and the early steps from acetylCoA to farnesyl diphosphate are conserved among these organisms. Importantly, insects and other arthropods do not synthesize cholesterol de novo but have to acquire it from dietary sources because they lack the genes encoding squalene synthase and other subsequent enzymes of the sterol branch. 28,29) Another peculiarity of the mevalonate pathway in insects is the capacity to synthesize JH via the isoprenoid branch.The genes encoding the enzymes in the mevalonate pathway from acetyl-CoA to farnesyl diphosphate have been identified in the genome of D. melanogaster and the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, and in an EST library of the pine engraver Ips pini.27) However, it has been difficult to identify the genes encoding enzymes from farnesyl diphosphate to JH

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Juvenile Hormone Is Required to Couple Imaginal Disc Formation with Nutrition in Insects

Cited by 145 publications

References 27 publications

Developmental model of static allometry in holometabolous insects

Developmental model of static allometry in holometabolous insects

Body size in Drosophila: genetic architecture, allometries and sexual dimorphism

Insect juvenile hormone action as a potential target of pest management

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