Juvenile hormone (JH) esterase: why are you so JH specific?

Kamita, Shizuo G.; Hinton, Andrew; Wheelock, Craig E.; Wogulis, Mark; Wilson, D. Keith; Wolf, Nicola M.; Stok, Jeanette E.; Hock, Bertold; Hammock, Bruce D.

doi:10.1016/j.ibmb.2003.08.004

Cited by 74 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The amount of JH in insects is controlled by the action of neuropeptides allatotropins and allatostatins on the corpora allata (CA) and also on the JH specific esterases (Gilbert et al 2000;Kamita et al 2003). JHAs when applied exogenously, have strong affinity for the JHBP as compared to natural JH, bind to them and thus escape degradation by JH esterases and produce effects later in life history as evident in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Comparative efficacy of phenoxy derivative JHAs Pyriproxyfen and Diofenolan against polyphagous pest Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera)

Singh

Kumar

2015

Phytoparasitica

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Novel phenoxy derivative Juvenile Hormone Analogs (JHAs) -pyriproxyfen and diofenolan were used to evaluate their efficacy against last instar larvae of polyphagous pest Spodoptera litura. Sixth instar day 1-3 old larvae were treated with different doses of pyriproxyfen and diofenolan. The JHAs disrupted the growth, development, molting and metamorphosis in S . l it u ra t r e a t e d l a r v a e. B o t h t he J H A spyriproxyfen and diofenolan were found to be equally potent in their effects. The larval duration was prolonged apart from inducing several malformations. They effectively controlled the polyphagous pest S. litura by inducing mortality, ecdysial failure, production of larval -pupal mosaics, reduced pupation, production of abnormal pupae, complete suppression of normal adult emergence and production of deformed non-viable adultoids. Being stable, posing minimal threat to non-target organisms including fish and birds, beneficial insects and safe to environment and humans, both these JHAs can be judicially incorporated into IPM programs along with other bio-rational methods for the successful control of polyphagous pest S. litura.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Comparative efficacy of phenoxy derivative JHAs Pyriproxyfen and Diofenolan against polyphagous pest Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera)

Singh

Kumar

2015

Phytoparasitica

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“…However, Met is not an essential gene, and Met-null mutant f lies do not show morphogenetic abnormalities; thus, its involvement in JH signal cascade remains to be seen. By contrast, because JHE is a critical JH-degradative enzyme, its substrate specificity and its functional role in the reduction of the JH titer have been proven (11,43). Furthermore, in a lepidopteran, Choristoneura fumiferana, JHE expression is directly regulated by both JH and 20E in dose-and time-dependent manners (10), and a 30-bp-long JH-responsive region within the JHE promoter has been identified (44).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precocious metamorphosis in transgenic silkworms overexpressing juvenile hormone esterase

Tan

Tanaka

Tamura

et al. 2005

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

165

109

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Insect growth and development are intricately regulated by the titers of juvenile hormones (JHs) and ecdysteroids (and͞or their metabolites) in the insect hemolymph. Hydrolysis of the methyl ester of JH by a JH-specific esterase (JHE) is a key pathway for the degradation of JH. Here, we generate transgenic silkworm strains that overexpress JHE by using the binary GAL4͞UAS system. Overexpression of JHE from the embryonic stage resulted in larval-pupal metamorphosis after the third stadium, two stadia earlier than that observed in wild-type insects. This precocious metamorphosis suggests that JHs are not critical for normal development of embryo or larva before the second molt in Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). Our transgenic approach allowed us to dissect the function of key physiological events that occur from embryogenesis. Until now, these types of studies were possible only in later larval stadia by using physical techniques such as allatectomy or the application of JH analogues. We believe that our system will allow further pioneering studies in insect physiology.Bombyx mori ͉ juvenile hormones ͉ transgenesis T wo major groups of nonpeptidic hormones, juvenile hormones (JHs) and ecdysteroids, play critical roles in the regulation of insect growth and development (1). The presence of JH during exposure to the ecdysteroids ensures a molt to a like stage, whereas the absence of JH during an ecdysteroid pulse allows metamorphosis. Concentrations of both hormones are regulated precisely by biosynthesis and degradation. Two definitive primary pathways for JH metabolism, hydrolysis of the methyl ester of JH by soluble esterases and hydration of the epoxide by microsomal epoxide hydrolases, have been described so far (2-5). In several insect orders, the key route of JH metabolism is by means of the hydrolysis of the methyl ester, and JH esterase (JHE) is considered the principal enzyme responsible for this function (2). Because of their importance in insect development, JHEs have been isolated and characterized from many insect orders such as Coleoptera (6), Diptera (7), and Lepidoptera (8-10), including the silkworm, Bombyx mori (11).As the primary degradative enzyme of JH, JHE has been used as an attractive tool for the study of JH action. Inhibition of JHE activity by a variety of 3-substituted 1,1,1-trifluoropropanone sulfides reduces the rate of JH degradation, thus delaying metamorphosis and resulting in giant larvae of Manduca sexta (12). By contrast, recombinant baculoviruses expressing JHE can reduce JH levels in Lepidoptera (13). However, difficulties in establishing stable and prompt in vivo expression of JHE in Lepidoptera have halted further studies.The mechanism of JH action in insects still remains a mystery despite a great deal of knowledge about its biological actions (5). Using Drosophila as a model for the study of JH action meets with difficulties because, in contrast to most insects, including those in Lepidoptera, Drosophila displays few morphogenetic actions that can be easily bioassayed ...

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“…Carboxylesterases are lipases that catalyze the hydrolysis of a wide variety of ester-and amide-containing molecules, including short-and long-chain acylglycerols, longchain acylcarnitine, and long-chain acyl-coenzyme A esters (85). JHE degrades the juvenile hormone, which plays diverse roles in the insect life cycle, including development, morphogenesis, reproduction, diapause, and metabolism (43,62). No other viral homologues were identified in database searches.…”

Section: Vol 80 2006mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Sequence of Spodoptera frugiperda Ascovirus 1a , an Enveloped, Double-Stranded DNA Insect Virus That Manipulates Apoptosis for Viral Reproduction

Bideshi

Demattei

Rouleux‐Bonnin

et al. 2006

J Virol

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Ascoviruses (family Ascoviridae) are double-stranded DNA viruses with circular genomes that attack lepidopterans, where they produce large, enveloped virions, 150 by 400 nm, and cause a chronic, fatal disease with a cytopathology resembling that of apoptosis. After infection, host cell DNA is degraded, the nucleus fragments, and the cell then cleaves into large virion-containing vesicles. These vesicles and virions circulate in the hemolymph, where they are acquired by parasitic wasps during oviposition and subsequently transmitted to new hosts. To develop a better understanding of ascovirus biology, we sequenced the genome of the type species Spodoptera frugiperda ascovirus 1a (SfAV-1a). The genome consisted of 156,922 bp, with a G؉C ratio of 49.2%, and contained 123 putative open reading frames coding for a variety of enzymes and virion structural proteins, of which tentative functions were assigned to 44. Among the most interesting enzymes, due to their potential role in apoptosis and viral vesicle formation, were a caspase, a cathepsin B, several kinases, E3 ubiquitin ligases, and especially several enzymes involved in lipid metabolism, including a fatty acid elongase, a sphingomyelinase, a phosphate acyltransferase, and a patatin-like phospholipase. Comparison of SfAV-1a proteins with those of other viruses showed that 10% were orthologs of Chilo iridescent virus proteins, the highest correspondence with any virus, providing further evidence that ascoviruses evolved from a lepidopteran iridovirus. The SfAV-1a genome sequence will facilitate the determination of how ascoviruses manipulate apoptosis to generate the novel virion-containing vesicles characteristic of these viruses and enable study of their origin and evolution.The family Ascoviridae was erected recently to accommodate several new species of large double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses with circular genomes that attack insects of the order Lepidoptera at the larval and pupal stages, causing a chronic, fatal disease (38). Viruses of this family are characterized by large, enveloped virions with a distinctive reticulate surface pattern. Depending on the species, virions are either bacilliform or allantoid (sausage shaped), contain an internal lipid membrane surrounding the DNA/protein core, and are composed of at least 12 structural proteins, ranging in mass from 10 to 200 kDa (40).These structural characteristics of the virions are sufficient to distinguish ascoviruses from all other large dsDNA viruses. However, the most novel feature of ascoviruses is not their virion structure, but rather their unusual cellular pathology and transmission. Unlike for all other viruses, a variety of evidence suggests that ascoviruses induce apoptosis as part of a mechanism that enhances their reproduction and transmission. A typical pattern of cytopathology, as exemplified by Spodoptera frugiperda ascovirus 1a (SfAV-1a), the type species, begins with nuclear hypertrophy and cleavage of host DNA, followed by lysis of the nucleus and fragmentation of the nuclear memb...

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Juvenile hormone (JH) esterase: why are you so JH specific?

Cited by 74 publications

References 55 publications

Comparative efficacy of phenoxy derivative JHAs Pyriproxyfen and Diofenolan against polyphagous pest Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera)

Comparative efficacy of phenoxy derivative JHAs Pyriproxyfen and Diofenolan against polyphagous pest Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera)

Precocious metamorphosis in transgenic silkworms overexpressing juvenile hormone esterase

Genomic Sequence of Spodoptera frugiperda Ascovirus 1a , an Enveloped, Double-Stranded DNA Insect Virus That Manipulates Apoptosis for Viral Reproduction

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