Juvenile<i>Procambarus clarkii</i>farmed using biofloc technology or commercial feed in zero‐water exchange indoor tanks: A comparison of growth performance, enzyme activity and proximate composition

Li, Jinghao; Li, Jiayao; Li, Wei; Sun, Yongjian; Liu, Xiaofei; Liu, Mingming; Cheng, Yongxu

doi:10.1111/are.14065

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…Crustaceans have an only innate immune system and hemolymph parameters are important indicators in the evaluation of health conditions (Kaya et al, 2019). The role of BFT in improving hemolymph parameters and maintaining appropriate culture conditions in many crustaceans has been reported in previous studies (Xu and Pan, 2013;Li et al, 2019;Panigrahi et al, 2019;Kaya et al, 2020). In the current study, hemolymph indices and metabolites of narrow-clawed crayfish reflect the compatibility with the BFT conditions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Evaluation of Biofloc Technology for Astacus leptodactylus: Effect of Different Stocking Densities on Production Performance and Physiological Responses

Kaya¹,

Genc²,

Güroy³

et al. 2021

Acta Aquatica Turcica

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The use of biofloc technology (BFT) in narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus leptodactylus) culture for 45 days was evaluated by production performance and physiological status of crayfish. Four different stocking densities of crayfish were tested in BFT (20, 41.66, 62.5, ). Water quality parameters were monitored to sustain desired levels for crayfish and biofloc management. The growth performance of narrow-clawed crayfish did not show any significant differences among the groups. However, the survival rate changed by the stocking density. Hemolymph indices represented by total hemocyte counts and relative abundance of hyalinocyte, semi-granulocyte, and granulocyte were not affected by different stocking densities. Overall hemolymph glucose and lactate levels of narrow-clawed crayfish reflected mild stress in response to BFT conditions. Hemolymph protein concentrations did not change by the stocking ratio in BFT. Hemolymph protein levels were in the normal range, indicating the healthy status of the individuals. The hepatopancreas histology was observed as a typical morphology for healthy crayfish in all stocking densities in BFT. Notwithstanding the relatively lower survival rate in higher stocking density of narrow-clawed crayfish, the results of the present research revealed that the adaptation of narrow-clawed crayfish to BFT conditions is promising for the crayfish culture.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Evaluation of Biofloc Technology for Astacus leptodactylus: Effect of Different Stocking Densities on Production Performance and Physiological Responses

Kaya¹,

Genc²,

Güroy³

et al. 2021

Acta Aquatica Turcica

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“…We observed that protein levels were significantly higher (24.09 g/100 g, (p < 0.05) in the FDTBF samples (Table 1). Higher protein percentages (30-49 g/100 g) were recorded in bioflocs (by dry weight) by many researchers in previous studies [12,20,22,30,42,[49][50][51][52][53]. Lower percentages of protein were documented by Himaja et al [41] (16.61 g/100%) and Durigon et al [43] (17.39 g/100 g) in bioflocs collected from a tilapia waste source and dried by oven drying at 45 °C and 55 °C for 72 h, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Proximate Chemical Composition of Dried Shrimp and Tilapia Waste Bioflocs Produced by Two Drying Methods

Binalshikh-Abubkr

Hanafiah

Das

2021

JMSE

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The effects of two waste sources, red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) and whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeusvannamei), and two drying methods (freeze-drying and oven-drying) on the proximate chemical composition of bioflocs were investigated. In total, four kinds of experimentally treated bioflocs were compared to identify the best waste source and drying method to produce biofloc of an acceptable nutrient value: freeze-dried shrimp biofloc (FDSBF), oven-dried shrimp biofloc (ODSBF), freeze-dried tilapia biofloc (FDTBF), and oven-dried tilapia biofloc (ODTBF). The protein, lipid, ash, fiber, total nitrogen free extract (NFE), and energy contents of the dried bioflocs ranged from 12.12 to 24.09 g/100 g, 0.35 to 0.92 g/100 g, 42.45 to 61.01 g/100 g, 7.43 to 17.11 g/100 g, 16.45 to 18.59 g/100 g, and 0.99 to 1.94 Kcal g−1, respectively. Statistically, there were significant differences within the means of the two biofloc sources in terms of their proximate compositions (p < 0.05). The average values between the drying methods for protein, lipid, total NFE, and energy were also significantly different, while no significant differences (p > 0.05) were recorded for ash and fiber. Amino acids (AAs) were higher in FDTBF, followed by ODTBF. The mineral profiles showed that phosphorous, potassium, manganese, selenium, and copper were higher in the tilapia waste bioflocs, while calcium, zinc, iron, copper, chromium, and cobalt were higher in the shrimp waste bioflocs. Although the statistical analysis showed that the shrimp waste bioflocs had higher levels of lipid, fiber, total NFE, and minerals, the tilapia waste bioflocs contained higher levels of potential AAs, energy, and protein, which are regarded as expensive ingredients in aquaculture feeding. This study indicates that biofloc derived from tilapia waste can be regarded as a more suitable source of biofloc meal (in terms of protein, ash, energy, and AAs) than biofloc derived from shrimp waste. Our findings also suggest that freeze-drying is a more effective drying method for drying biofloc, as it efficiently maintains nutritional quality.

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“…In addition to the effective control of ammonia, an important advantage of BFT systems compared with nitrifying and denitrifying biofilter processes is the ability to recycle unused protein in feeds by means of biofloc consumption by cultured animals 4 . Consumption of bioflocs improves digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities and increases the immune response in different economically important species, such as tilapia, white shrimp, and crayfish 5‐7 . Recently, the effluent containing nitrogenous compounds from BFT system for catfish cultivation was successfully employed as the nutrient source for aquaponics system, although operational difficulties (e.g., incorrect operation by farmers and instability of effluent quality) were reported 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aquaculture cultivation and biofloc formation are conventionally accomplished in the same tank with good liquid mixing and sufficient aeration 9,10 . Biofloc formation occurs naturally in culture tanks and the process can be accelerated by supplying an external carbon source (e.g., starch, molasses, jaggery powder, wheat bran, and glucose) at a suitable carbon to nitrogen (C:N) mass ratio, from 10:1 to 20:1 under aerobic conditions to promote the growth of heterotrophic microorganisms 6‐8 . Under such conditions, nitrogen assimilation, which is carried out by heterotrophic microorganisms, was initially suggested as the main pathway for inorganic nitrogen control in a BFT system; however, later works reported an increasing role of nitrification in BFT systems that had been operated for extended periods 9‐14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of modified biofloc system with filtration unit in controlling suspended solids and inorganic nitrogen concentrations in a recirculating aquaculture system

Kunwong

Satanwat

Powtongsook

et al. 2021

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Biofloc technology systems (BFT) often encounter difficulties in controlling suspended solid levels in tanks. The oxygen consumption rates and ammonia removal rates of bioflocs as the BFT system shifts from assimilation towards nitrification have rarely been reported. Thus, the performance of the BFT system with a filtration unit was evaluated. RESULTS Preliminary work found that the optimal screen pore size and recirculating flow rate were 100 μm and 3000 L day−1, respectively. The BFT system with the filtration unit could maintain suspended solids in the fish tank below 50 mg‐SS L−1 while retaining significantly higher suspended solids in the biofloc reactor (509 ± 44.6 mg‐SS L−1). The daily starch addition at a C:N mass ratio of 10:1 in phase I (day 1–38) induced the biofloc formation that kept TAN and nitrite levels below 1.0 mg‐N L−1. The fraction of inorganic nitrogen compounds increased from 2.5% in phase I to 27.6% in phase III (day 56–70). TAN removal rates increased from 3.0 mg‐N g‐SS−1 day−1 during phase I to 10.34 ± 0.392 mg‐N g‐SS−1 day−1 after complete nitrification occurred. Relatively constant oxygen consumption rates of the bioflocs (149.1 ± 9.53 mg‐ O2 g‐SS−1 day−1) were observed for the entire experiment. CONCLUSION The BFT system with a filtration unit was effective in controlling suspended solid and inorganic nitrogen concentrations. Nitrogen treatment pathway of BFT system was assimilation during startup period but gradually shifted to nitrification. Oxygen consumption rates of the bioflocs are relatively constant regardless of the pathways responsible for nitrogen treatment. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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JuvenileProcambarus clarkiifarmed using biofloc technology or commercial feed in zero‐water exchange indoor tanks: A comparison of growth performance, enzyme activity and proximate composition

Cited by 27 publications

References 48 publications

Evaluation of Biofloc Technology for Astacus leptodactylus: Effect of Different Stocking Densities on Production Performance and Physiological Responses

Evaluation of Biofloc Technology for Astacus leptodactylus: Effect of Different Stocking Densities on Production Performance and Physiological Responses

Proximate Chemical Composition of Dried Shrimp and Tilapia Waste Bioflocs Produced by Two Drying Methods

Evaluation of modified biofloc system with filtration unit in controlling suspended solids and inorganic nitrogen concentrations in a recirculating aquaculture system

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