Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and the gut microbiome: Where are we now?

Majumder, Sanjukta; Aggarwal, Amita

doi:10.1016/j.berh.2020.101496

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In all studies on the gut microbiome in JIA, however, no single species has been identified and different studies show changes in different taxa (Stoll et al, 2014;Di Paola et al, 2016;Stoll et al, 2016;Tejesvi et al, 2016;Aggarwal et al, 2017;Stoll et al, 2018;Dong et al, 2019;Van Dijkhuizen et al, 2019). These studies suggest that dysbiosis in the microbiota with overabundance in pathogenic microbes, may result in dysregulation of the immune system through disruption of the integrity of mucosal barrier and altered interaction with gut immune cells (Majumder and Aggarwal, 2020). Aberrations in mucosal homeostasis may be associated with the increased bacterial urease activity, reportedly found in fecal samples of JIA patients as compared to healthy controls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Oral Microbiome of Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Norwegian Cross-Sectional Study

Frid

Baraniya

Halbig

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary Oral Microbiome of Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Norwegian Cross-Sectional Study

Frid

Baraniya

Halbig

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Breastfeeding is the first and most important exposure factor for infants, and the presence of micro-organisms and oligosaccharides in breast milk is closely related to the establishment of intestinal flora in children. 42,43 Specific microbes are selected from the mother's gut and transported by dendritic cells to the mammary gland, secreting specific immune factors to guide the establishment of the child's microbes. 44,45 The oligosaccharides in breast milk are not digested after entering the intestine, which is an ideal medium for Bifidobacterium and promotes the early colonization of intestinal flora in infants.…”

Section: Meta-analysis Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One study found that short periods of breastfeeding were associated with an increased risk of JIA. Breastfeeding is the first and most important exposure factor for infants, and the presence of micro‐organisms and oligosaccharides in breast milk is closely related to the establishment of intestinal flora in children 42,43 . Specific microbes are selected from the mother's gut and transported by dendritic cells to the mammary gland, secreting specific immune factors to guide the establishment of the child's microbes 44,45 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of environmental factors associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Zhao

Deng

2023

Int J of Rheum Dis

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Objectives Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common pediatric rheumatic disease, thought to be influenced by both genetics and the environment. Identifying environmental factors associated with disease risk will improve knowledge of disease mechanisms and ultimately benefit patients. This review aimed to collate and synthesize the current evidence of environmental factors associated with JIA. Methods MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Related Health Literature (EBSCOhost), science network (WOS, Clarivate Analytics), Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Biological Medical Database were systematically searched. Study quality was rated using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale. Pooled estimates for each environmental factor were generated using a random‐effects, inverse‐variance method, where possible. The remaining environmental factors were synthesized in narrative form. Results This review includes environmental factors from 23 studies (6 cohorts and 17 case‐control studies). Cesarean section delivery was associated with increased JIA risk (pooled relative risk [RR] 1.103, 95% CI 1.033‐1.177). Conversely, maternal smoking of more than 20 cigarettes/day (pooled RR 0.650, 95% CI 0.431‐0.981) and gestational smoking (pooled RR0.634, 95% CI 0.452‐0.890) were associated with decreased JIA risk. Conclusion This review identifies several environmental factors associated with JIA and demonstrates the huge breadth of environmental research. We also highlight the challenges of combining data collected over this period due to limited study comparability, evolution in healthcare and social practices, and changing environment, which warrant consideration when planning future studies.

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“…1 However, autoimmune disorder incidence continues to increase in many developed countries-a finding that cannot be explained by genetic risk alone. 2 Gut microbiome associations with human autoimmunity have been described for several autoimmune conditions including type 1 diabetes, [3][4][5][6][7] celiac disease, 8 juvenile idiopathic arthritis, 9,10 Crohn's disease, 11 and hypothyroidism. 12 Heritability of autism may be as high as 50-90% and correlation to specific HLA genotypes has been observed.…”

Section: Main Textmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent autism and autoimmune diagnoses linked to infant gut bacteria whose prevalence is associated with at-risk genetics and/or diet

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The earliest predictors of future autoimmune diseases are a series of autoantibodies that are rarely evaluated and very within and between diseases. In addition, autoantibodies often appear just prior to disease onset. All of these factors make it difficult to apply interventions that might prevent disease. Earlier predictors of disease are needed. Here, a general population cohort was used to assess whether gut bacterial biomarkers could be identified prior to disease. Gut microbiome analysis on 1,741 one-year old Swedish children was performed on samples collected in the late 1990s. These children were then followed for 18 years for the incidence of five autoimmune diseases and autism. Specific bacterial strains in the gut microbiome of one-year-old children have been identified as exclusive to the 96 subjects (cases) who acquired type 1 diabetes, celiac disease, hypothyroidism, Crohns disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, or autism over their next 18 years. None of these strains were found in the 1,645 children (controls) who did not acquire any of these diseases. Ten other strains were exclusive to those who remained disease-free. In most cases, the presence or absence of these bacteria were strongly associated with: 1) high-risk class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles; 2) dietary factors; or 3) a combination of HLA genetics and diet. These results have three significant implications: 1) certain class II HLA haplotypes may serve as bacterial gatekeepers early in life, altering microbiome composition thereby creating the potential for dysbiosis and inflammation; 2) the gut microbiome dysbiosis and inflammation during infancy, largely derived from host HLA genetics and diet, may be a common precedent to all five autoimmune diseases and autism; and 3) HLA gatekeeping may prevent gut colonization of beneficial bacteria in those genetically at-risk individuals who could most benefit from probiotic therapy.

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Juvenile idiopathic arthritis and the gut microbiome: Where are we now?

Cited by 8 publications

References 62 publications

Salivary Oral Microbiome of Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Norwegian Cross-Sectional Study

Salivary Oral Microbiome of Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Norwegian Cross-Sectional Study

A systematic review and meta‐analysis of environmental factors associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Adolescent autism and autoimmune diagnoses linked to infant gut bacteria whose prevalence is associated with at-risk genetics and/or diet

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